UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of ophiobolins sesterterpenoids and bioactive analogs from Bipolaris eleusines.

In order to elucidate the mass fragmentation patterns and unveil more undescribed ophiobolin analogs, the mass fragmentation patterns of ophiobolins were analyzed based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS experiments. Different kinds of rearrangements (including McLafferty rearrangement) were the main cleavage patterns. Twenty-six (9-31) analogs were then tentatively characterized based on their mass analysis, and three undescribed ophiobolins (6-8) and a known analogue (5) were isolated in target.

Corrigendum: Ginsenoside compound K attenuates ox-LDL-mediated macrophage inflammation and foam cell formation autophagy induction and modulating NF-kB, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-Based Targeted Discovery of Chetomin Analogues from .

Chetocochliodin M () containing a rare cage-ring and chetocochliodin N () featuring an unusual piperazine-2,3-dione ring system together with known analogues chetomin (), chetoseminudin C (), chetocochliodin I (), and oidioperazine E () were targeted for purification from the fungus using a UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS approach. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD spectra. Compounds , , and exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines.

Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation.

The activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration membranes of 60- and 100-wDa molecular weight cut-off to determine the relationship between molecular weight and antitumor activities.

[Research progress on pharmacology of butylphthalide and its derivatives].

The butylphthalide(NBP), a colorless or light yellow viscous oily component isolated from celery seeds, has the effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, protecting blood-brain barrier, improving cerebral microcirculation, and promoting angiogenesis. It can protect the neurological function of patients with ischemic stroke through a variety of mechanisms, improve the symptoms of patients, and contribute to the long-term recovery of them. Therefore, independently developed in China, NBP was approved by State Food and Drug Administration for the clinical treatment of stroke patients in 2002.

Folium extract and tetramethylpyrazine sodium chloride injection (Xingxiong injection) protects against focal cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury via activating the Akt/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Context: Folium extract and tetramethylpyrazine sodium chloride injection (Xingxiong injection) is a compound preparation commonly used for treating cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury in ischaemic stroke in China. However, its potential mechanisms on ischaemic stroke remain unknown.

Objective: This study explores the potential mechanisms of Xingxiong injection or

Materials And Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to five groups: the sham (normal saline), the model (normal saline) and the Xingxiong injection groups (12.

Guan Xin Dan Shen formulation protects mice against diabetic cardiomyopathy via activation of Nrf2 signaling.

Guan Xin Dan Shen formulation (GXDSF) is a widely used treatment for the management of coronary heart disease in China and is composed of three primary components: , Radix et Rhizoma and Radix et Rhizoma. However, the potential use of GXDSF for the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been previously assessed. The present study aimed to assess the effects of GXDSF on DCM, as well as the underlying mechanism.

Notoginsenoside R1 activates the NAMPT-NAD-SIRT1 cascade to promote postischemic angiogenesis by modulating Notch signaling.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) maintains mitochondrial function and protects against cerebral ischemic injury by improving energy metabolism. Notoginsenoside R1 (R1), a unique constituent of Panax notoginseng, has been shown to promote the proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Whether R1 has proangiogenesis on the activation of NAMPT in ischemic stroke remains unclear.

Effects of notoginseng leaf triterpenes on small molecule metabolism after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury assessed using MALDI-MS imaging.

Background: Notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) is believed to have neuroprotective effects via the inhibition of inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis. However, its mechanisms underlying the anti-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury effects on the regulation of small molecule metabolism in rat brain remains unclear. The purpose of this study was thus to explore the mechanisms of PNGL on the regulation of small molecule metabolism in rat brain after I/R injury using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI).

Xuesaitong injection (lyophilized) combined with aspirin and clopidogrel protect against focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury in rats by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating the NOX2/IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Combination of aspirin (ASA) and clopidogrel (CLP) [dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)] has been limited in reducing early recurrent stroke events. Xuesaitong injection (lyophilized) (XST) made of total saponins from P. notoginseng, which significantly improves cerebral circulation and has been widely used in clinical applications for decades to treat and prevent ischemic stroke.

Ginsenoside Compound K Attenuates Ox-LDL-Mediated Macrophage Inflammation and Foam Cell Formation Autophagy Induction and Modulating NF-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK Signaling.

Atherosclerosis is a major reason for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Macrophage inflammation and foam cell formation are the key pathological processes of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a metabolite derived from ginseng.

Calenduloside E Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Regulation of AMPK and Mitochondrial OPA1.

Calenduloside E (CE) is a natural triterpenoid saponin isolated from (Miq.) Seem., a well-known traditional Chinese medicine.

Anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury effects of notoginsenoside R1 on small molecule metabolism in rat brain after ischemic stroke as visualized by MALDI-MS imaging.

Ischemic stroke is a syndrome of severe neurological responses that cause neuronal death, damage to the neurovascular unit and inflammation. Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) is a neuroprotective drug that is commonly used to treat neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. However, its potential mechanisms on the regulation of small molecule metabolism in ischemic stroke are largely unknown.

[Effect of Guanxin Danshen Formulation on diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice through regulation of Nrf2 pathway].

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD) has become a primary cause of end-stage kidney disease, without any effective treatment available. In this study, we assessed the protective effect of Guanxin Danshen Formulation(GXDSF) on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. The db/m and db/db mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, metformin group, and GXDSF group.

Shenkang Injection protects against diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice through enhancement of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Shenkang Injection (SKI) on the diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced mice.

Methods: STZ with the feeding of high fat diet (HFD) was used to induce diabetic mice. The balb/c mice and diabetic mice were then randomly divided into five groups: (1) control group, (2) model group, (3) alprostadil (Alp, 1.

Scutellarin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Background: Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in cardiac dysfunction for acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Scutellarin (Scu) is a flavonoid purified from Erigeron breviscapus. Whether Scu has any influence on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes remains unknown.

[Preventive and therapeutic effects of Keluoxin Capsules on early diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice].

The aim of this paper was to investigate the preventive effects of Keluoxin Capsules(KLX) on diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice. One hundred male db/db diabetic mice(45-55 g, 8 weeks) were randomly divided into 5 groups(model, KLX low dose, KLX middle dose, KLX high dose, Dobesilate) and 20 male C57 BL/KsJdb~(+/+) were taken as control group. Body weight and fasting blood-glucose were detected every week.

Xuezhitong capsule, an extract of , exhibits reverse cholesterol transport and accompanies high-density lipoprotein levels to protect against hyperlipidemia in ApoE mice.

Background: Xuezhitong capsules (XZT) are derived from Xie Bai and used for abnormal lipid homeostasis treatment through maintained metabolic balance. However, their mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we mainly assessed the contribution of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and the accompanying increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) effects of XZT to cholesterol dysfunction amelioration in mice.

Protective effects of Myrica rubra flavonoids against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury via the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.

Myrica rubra is well known for its delicious taste and high nutritional value. The present study investigated the potential protective effects and mechanisms of M. rubra flavonoids (MRF) extract on isoproterenol (ISO)‑induced myocardial injury in rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

The clickable activity-based probe of anti-apoptotic calenduloside E.

Context: Calenduloside E (CE), one of the primary natural products found in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. (Araliaceae), possesses prominent anti-apoptotic potential.

Cytochrome P450 3A Enzymes Are Key Contributors for Hepatic Metabolism of Bufotalin, a Natural Constitute in Chinese Medicine Chansu.

Bufotalin (BFT), one of the naturally occurring bufodienolides, has multiple pharmacological and toxicological effects including antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to character the metabolic pathway(s) of BFT and to identify the key drug metabolizing enzyme(s) responsible for hepatic metabolism of BFT in human, as well as to explore the related molecular mechanism of enzymatic selectivity. The major metabolite of BFT in human liver microsomes (HLMs) was fully identified as 5β-hydroxylbufotalin by LC-MS/MS and NMR techniques.

Targets Fishing and Identification of Calenduloside E as Hsp90AB1: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Clickable Activity-Based Probe.

Calenduloside E (CE), a natural triterpenoid compound isolated from , can protect against ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury in our previous reports. However, the exact targets and mechanisms of CE remain elusive. For the sake of resolving this question, we designed and synthesized a clickable activity-based probe (CE-P), which could be utilized to fish the functional targets in HUVECs using a gel-based strategy.

Salvianolic Acid A Ameliorates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through Decreasing Cardiac Mitochondrial Injury and Promotes Its Anticancer Activity.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The therapeutic use of arsenic is limited due to its severe cardiovascular side effects. The cardio-protective effect of salvianolic acid A (Sal A) against ATO cardiotoxicity has been reported.