Establishment and preliminary application of duplex fluorescence quantitative PCR for porcine circoviruses type 2 and type 3.

Porcine circovirus types 2 (PCV2) and 3 (PCV3) are the two most prevalent porcine circoviruses in China, all of which can infect swine herds and cause serious diseases. To detect coinfection with PCV2 and PCV3, primers and probes for duplex PCV2 and PCV3 real-time PCR were designed to target their cap genes based on the constructed plasmids pUC57-PCV2 and pUC57-PCV3. The established duplex PCV2 and PCV3 real-time PCRs were specific to PCV2 and PCV3 and showed no cross-reactions with other porcine viral pathogens.

An updated review of feline coronavirus: mind the two biotypes.

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) includes two biotypes: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Although both biotypes can infect cats, their pathogenicities differ. The FIPV biotype is more virulent than the FECV biotype and can cause peritonitis or even death in cats, while most FECV biotypes do not cause lesions.

Mind the feline coronavirus: Comparison with SARS-CoV-2.

Both feline coronavirus (FCoV) and SARS-CoV-2 are coronaviruses that infect cats and humans, respectively. However, cats have been shown to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and FCoV also had been shown to infect human. To elucidate the relationship between FCoV and SARS-CoV-2, we highlight the main characteristics of the genome, the receptor usage, and the correlation of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike proteins in FCoV and SARS-CoV-2.

Molecular Characterization and Comparative Pathogenicity of Goose Parvovirus Isolated from Jilin Province, Northeast China.

Goose parvovirus (GPV) is a highly contagious disease caused by GPV in goslings and young Muscovy ducklings. In recent years, frequent GPV outbreaks have occurred in many regions of Jilin Province, China. In this study, to understand the immune-related characteristics of the currently prevailing GPV strains in some regions of Jilin Province, six GPV strains were isolated from six different regions of Jilin Province in 2016-2018.

Genomic Characterization of Diverse Gyroviruses Identified in the Feces of Domestic Cats.

Gyroviruses (GyVs) are small, single-stranded, circular DNA viruses in the genus Gyrovirus, which consists of the chicken anemia virus (CAV) prototype and nine other viral species. These different GyV species have been reported in chickens, humans, mice, and companion animals. To date, CAV has been identified in the feces of domestic cats, while the circulation of other GyV species in cats is currently unknown.

Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus and influenza A virus infection in farmed wild boars in China.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and influenza A virus (IAV) are two important pathogens which can infect humans and various animals causing public health problems. In this study, the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HEV and IAV infection in farmed wild boars were investigated in China. A total of 758 serum samples were collected from farmed wild boars between 2015 and 2016, and antibodies against HEV and IAV were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits.

Hepatic Metabolomics Investigation in Acute and Chronic Murine Toxoplasmosis.

poses a great threat to human health, with no approved vaccine available for the treatment of infection. infections are not limited to the brain, and may also affect other organs especially the liver. Identification of host liver molecules or pathways involved in replication process may lead to the discovery of novel anti- targets.

First Report of Chlamydia Seroprevalence in Farmed Wild Boars in China.

Chlamydia is Gram-negative obligate bacterium, which can cause human diseases worldwide and has huge economic impact on animals. It is yet to know whether farmed wild boars are infected with Chlamydia in China. To assess risk factors of Chlamydia infection in farmed wild boars in China, from April 2015 to February 2016, a total of 837 serum samples of farmed wild boars were collected in Jilin province, northeastern China, and antibodies against Chlamydia were examined by the indirect hemagglutination assay.

First report of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae seroprevalence in farmed wild boars in China.

Porcine enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae affects the global pig industry with significant economic losses. It is yet to know whether wild boars in China were infected with M. hyopneumoniae.

Profiling of the perturbed metabolomic state of mouse spleen during acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, a common opportunistic protozoan, is a leading cause of illness and mortality among immunosuppressed individuals and during congenital infections. Current therapeutic strategies for toxoplasmosis are not fully effective at curtailing disease progression in these cases. Given the parasite ability to influence host immunity and metabolism, understanding of the metabolic alterations in the host's immune organs during T.

Detection of in White Yaks in Gansu Province, China.

, the most common zoonotic pathogen of microsporidiosis, has been found in various animals and humans, but no information is available concerning the prevalence and genotypes of in white yaks . In the present study, 353 faecal samples from white yaks in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, Northwestern China, were collected and examined by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer gene to estimate prevalence and identify their genotypes. Of the 353 faecal samples, 4 (1.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bluetongue Virus Infection in Tibetan Sheep and Yaks in Tibetan Plateau, China.

Bluetongue (BT), caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is an arthropod-borne viral disease in ruminants. However, information about BTV infection in yaks in China is limited. Moreover, no such data concerning BTV in Tibetan sheep is available.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China.

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a member of the Pestivirus genus, is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide, causing reproductive disorders in adult cattle and mucosal disease in calves. However, limited information about BVDV infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) in China is available, especially in white yaks which is a unique yak breed that only lives in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County (TTAC), Gansu Province, northwest China. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with BVDV infection in 1584 yaks in Gansu province, northwest China, between April 2013 and March 2014 using an indirect ELISA test.

First Report of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Yaks (Bos mutus) in China.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic lymphosarcoma disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). No information is available concerning the epidemiology of BLV infection in yaks (Bos mutus). One thousand five hundred and eighty-four serum samples from 610 black yaks and 974 white yaks from Gansu province, northwest China, were collected between April 2013 and March 2014 and tested for BLV antibodies using a commercially available ELISA kit.

Isolation, Identification, and Sequencing of a Goose-Derived Newcastle Disease Virus and Determination of Its Pathogenicity.

In August 2010, geese in the Meihekou area of Jilin province in China were found to be infected by a pathogen that caused a disease similar to Newcastle disease. To determine the causative agent of the infections, a virus was isolated from liver tissues of infected geese, followed by a pathogenicity determination. The isolated virus was named NDV/White Goose/China/Jilin(Meihekou)/MHK-1/2010.

Isolation and identification of a canine coronavirus strain from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

Two giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) died of unknown causes in a Chinese zoo. The clinical disease profile suggested that the pandas may have suffered a viral infection. Therefore, a series of detection including virus isolation, electron microscopy, cytobiological assay, serum neutralization and RT-PCR were used to identify the virus.

[Construction of bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector containing HA and M2 genes derived from high pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 (Anhui strain)and its efficient expression in mammalian cells].

HA and M2 genes derived from human highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (A/Anhui/ 1/2005) isolated from China, were amplified and cloned into the DNA vaccine expression vector pVRC. In order to improve the expression of hemagglutinin, the human codon usage preference was made and the whole length of HA gene of H5NI (A/Anhui/1/2005) influenza virus was synthesized,named HA/YH/K, and inserted to pVRC vector, the expression of HA/YH/K protein in eukaryotic cells was significantly improved according to internal control of actin protein. Furthermore, the M2 and HA/YH/K genes were cloned into bicistronic eukaryotic expressing vector pIRES to yield the recombinant plasmid pIRES-HA/ YH/K-M2/YS/K, which could expressed HA and M2 protein simultaneously by transfection of one plasmid.

[Construction of recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing Canine coronavirus spike glycoprotein and its immunogenicity].

In order to construct a recombinant Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) expressing the spike glycoprotein of Canine coronavirus (CCV), the S1 gene fragment of CCV strain DXMV, encoding major antigenic region A, B, C and D of S protein, was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pVAX1 vector. The complete S1 expression cassette was subcloned into the shuttle vector pVAXE3, then further cloned into the backbone vector pPoly2-CAV2 containing complete genome of CAV-2. To gain the recombinant Canine adenovirus, the recombinant plasmid pCAV-2-CCV-S1 was linearized by Cla I/Asc I to release recombinant genome, and then transfected into MDCK cell.

Serological survey on canine coronavirus antibodies in giant pandas by virus neutralization test.

In order to survey the infectious situation of canine coronavirus (CCV) in giant panda population, a virus neutralization test detecting specific antibodies against CCV in giant panda's sera was established by using two-fold dilutions of serum and 100 TCID of the virus. The 62 sera samples of giant pandas, which were gathered from zoos and reserve region of Sichuan Province, China were detected. The neutralization antibody titer of 1:4 was recognized as the positive criterion, 8 sera samples were detected to be positive, and the positive rate was 12.