Exploration of the mechanism of NORAD activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 through miR-136-5p and promotion of tacrolimus-induced renal fibrosis.

Background: Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressant, but has various side effects, with nephrotoxicity being the most common. Renal fibrosis is an important process of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that contribute to renal fibrosis after tacrolimus nephrotoxicity, and control its development.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repress renal transplant immune rejection by facilitating the APRIL phosphorylation to induce regulation B cell production.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exert pivotal roles in suppressing immune rejection in organ transplantation. However, the function of BMSCs on immune rejection in renal transplantation remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of BMSCs on immune rejection in renal transplantation.

Donor BMSC-derived small extracellular vesicles relieve acute rejection post-renal allograft through transmitting Loc108349490 to dendritic cells.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are potent candidates for the suppression of acute rejection post-renal allograft and have been reported to halt dendritic cells (DCs) maturation. However, whether BMSC-derived sEVs mitigate acute rejection post-renal allograft by targeting DCs is still unclear. In this study, donor BMSC-derived sEVs (sEVs) relieved the inflammatory response and suppressed mature DCs (mDCs) location in kidney grafts, and increased regulatory T (Treg) cell population in the spleens of the rats that underwent kidney allograft.

Immature dendritic cells derived exosomes promotes immune tolerance by regulating T cell differentiation in renal transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of immature dendritic cells-derived exosomes (imDECs) in the regulation of T cell differentiation and immune tolerance in renal allograft model mice.

Results: imDECs significantly improved the percent of survival, relieved inflammatory response, and reduced CD4+T cell infiltration. In addition, imDECs reduced the rejection associated cytokines in allograft mice, and increased the percentage of Foxp3+CD4+T cells in spleen and kidney tissues.

Bortezomib ameliorates acute allograft rejection after renal transplant by inhibiting Tfh cell proliferation and differentiation via miR-15b/IRF4 axis.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the functional role of bortezomib in the development of acute allograft rejection (AR) after renal transplant.

Methods: The mouse model of AR was established by allograft kidney transplant followed by the treatment of bortezomib. The serum cytokines, renal function, and the percentage of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in CD4 T cells were measured.

Incorporation of Gene-Environment Interaction Terms Improved the Predictive Accuracy of Tacrolimus Stable Dose Algorithms in Chinese Adult Renal Transplant Recipients.

The narrow therapeutic window of tacrolimus necessitates daily monitoring and predictive algorithms based on genetic and nongenetic factors. In this study, we constructed predictive algorithms for tacrolimus stable dose in a retrospective cohort of 1045 Chinese renal transplant recipients. All patients were genotyped for CYP3A4 20230T>C (rs2242480), CYP3A4 T>C (rs4646437), CYP3A5*3 6898A>G (rs776746), ABCB1 129T>C (rs3213619); ABCB1 c.

Over-expressed microRNA-181a reduces glomerular sclerosis and renal tubular epithelial injury in rats with chronic kidney disease via down-regulation of the TLR/NF-κB pathway by binding to CRY1.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by regulating renal homeostasis. This study explored the effects of miR-181a on CKD through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by binding to CRY1.

Methods: Seventy male rats were selected and assigned into specific groups: miR-181a mimic, miR-181a inhibitor, and siRNA against CRY1, with each group undergoing different treatments to investigate many different outcomes.

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Two Mycophenolate Mofetil Formulations in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) capsule and MMF dispersible tablet by detecting the active metabolite of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in Chinese kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: In the prospective, randomized, open-label study, the renal transplant patients were given a multiple dose of either the MMF capsule or MMF dispersible tablet combination with tacrolimus (Tac). For each patient, 11 serial blood samples were collected over 12 hours (h).

Corrigendum: Application of Machine-Learning Models to Predict Tacrolimus Stable Dose in Renal Transplant Recipients.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep42192.

Kidney transplantation from pediatric donors in a single Chinese center.

To report clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from pediatric brain and cardiac death donors (DBCD) in a single Chinese center and to investigate its feasibility to expand organ donor pool. 18 recipients, transplanted between August 2011 and October 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, receive a single graft from DBCD donors age ranged from 1.5 to 13 years old.

[Improvement of suture technique for arteriovenous fistula].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of continuous suture technique for closure of surgically created arteriovenous fistulas at different sites.

Method: A total of 160 patients with chronic renal failure underwent surgery to create arteriovenous fistulas at different sites, which were closed with continuous suture technique.

Results: The time for vessel anastomosis was reduced with this suture technique, and the success rate of anastomosis at one time and the overall operative success rate were improved, with also reduction of complications to achieve satisfactory clinical results.

[Transfection of human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV-304 with liposome-oligonucleotide complexes under hypothermic and anoxic conditions].

Objective: To investigate the transfection efficiency of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) mediated by in vivo liposome in human umbilical vascular endothelial cell line ECV-304 under hypothermic and anoxic conditions.

Methods: ECV-304 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 degrees Celsius; in the presence of 5% CO2. Liposome-ODN complexes were prepared just before use and added to the cells with a liposome-ODN charge ratio of 2:1.

[Effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation on endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit renal artery].

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation on of endothelium-dependent NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) relaxation of.

Methods: The organ chamber technique was employed to study rabbit renal artery rings. By inhibiting the PGI2 relaxation pathway with hypoxia-reoxygenation of the renal artery rings, followed by inhibition of NO and EDHF relaxation pathways respectively, the effects of hypoxia-reoxygenation on NO and EDHF relaxation were observed.