Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of total flavonoids from and antioxidant activity of extracted flavonoids.

Here, the extraction of total flavonoids from (TF) by aqueous two-phase extraction combined with ultrasound is presented. The extraction was optimized via a single-variable approach using the variables of mass fraction of ethanol and NaHPO, ultrasonication time, and TF sample amount. Response surface methodology (RSM) was then applied to determine the best conditions for extraction using the following three key parameters: ultrasonication time, ethanol mass fraction, and NaHPO mass fraction.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the stems of .

Chemical investigation into the stems of the medicinal plant led to the isolation and identification of a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan sphaerandrin A () and 11 known ones gomisin B (), schirubrisin B (), kadsuphilin B (), schizandrin (), benzoylgomisin Q (), angeloylgomisin Q (), gomisin G (), schisanwilsonin O (), isogomisin O (), schisantherin D (), and wuweizisu C (). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1 D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, compounds - were obtained from this species for the first time.

[Joint effect of co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the toxicity of earthworm.].

In order to reveal the toxicity effect and risk of co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos in the current soil environment of China, using the earthworm Eisenia fetida as model organism, the effect of single, and co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the growth and antioxidant response of earthworm were analyzed by using the methods of filter paper test and artificial soil test. The results showed that the growth rate of earthworm tended to decrease with the increase of single exposure concentrations of Cu and chlorpyrifos in artificial soil test. The mass of earthworm had a relatively flat changing rate with the co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos.

[Effects of single and co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on the toxicity of earthworm].

Combined pollution of heavy metal and pesticide had posed a serious threat to soil ecology and human living environment. As two common types of pollutants in soil environment, the environmental effects of combined pollution of Cu and chlorpyrifos are worth for attention. The acute lethal effects and avoiding behavior of single and co-exposure of Cu and chlorpyrifos on earthworms were analyzed by using the methods of standard OECD filter paper test and artificial soil test.

[Cellular response of freshwater green algae to the toxicity of tetracycline antibiotics].

Tetracycline antibiotics are a group of antibiotics which has been extensively used in most countries and are also the most widely used veterinary drugs and food additives in aquaculture and livestock industries of China. Because the substances are poorly adsorbed in the gut of animals and are only partially eliminated in sewage treatment plants, the antibiotics and their metabolites reach surface water where they may affect the aquatic organisms and human health. Herein, using green algae as test organisms, we studied the effects of tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and deoxyteracycline (DC) on the cell permeability and growth inhibition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus.

Diterpenoids and a diarylheptanoid from Hedychium coronarium with significant anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic activities.

Two new labdane diterpenoids, namely hedycoronals A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium, together with eight known diterpenoids, 4-11, and a known diarylheptanoid, 3. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by detailed interpretation of their 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra and HR-ESI-MS data.