The genetic architecture of age at menarche and its causal effects on other traits.

Age at menarche (AAM) is a sign of puberty of females. It is a heritable trait associated with various adult diseases. However, the genetic mechanism that determines AAM and links it to disease risk is poorly understood.

Gut Microbiota and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Evidence supports the observational associations of gut microbiota with a variety of psychiatric disorders, but the causal nature of such associations remains obscure. Aiming to comprehensively investigate their causal relationship and to identify specific causal microbe taxa for psychiatric diseases, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of gut microbiome with 15 psychiatric diseases. Specifically, the microbiome genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 18,473 individuals from the MiBioGen study was used as exposure sample, and the GWAS for 15 psychiatric diseases was used as outcome samples.

Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Growing evidence has shown that alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with multiple autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, it is unclear whether these associations reflect a causal relationship.

Objective: To reveal the causal association between gut microbiota and AD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Causal Effects of Plasma Proteome on Body Composition Traits.

Context: Observational studies have demonstrated associations between plasma proteins and obesity, but evidence of causal relationship remains to be studied.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between plasma proteins and body composition.

Methods: We conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 23 body composition traits and 2656 plasma proteins.

Joint Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identified 49 Novel Loci For Age at Natural Menopause.

Background: Age at natural menopause (ANM) is an important index for women's health. Either early or late ANM is associated with a series of adverse outcomes later in life. Despite being an inheritable trait, its genetic determinant has not yet been fully understood.

The genetic architecture of appendicular lean mass characterized by association analysis in the UK Biobank study.

Appendicular lean mass (ALM) is a heritable trait associated with loss of lean muscle mass and strength, or sarcopenia, but its genetic determinants are largely unknown. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 450,243 UK Biobank participants to uncover its genetic architecture. A total of 1059 conditionally independent variants from 799 loci were identified at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10), all of which were also significant at p < 5 × 10 in both sexes.

Assessing causal relationship from gut microbiota to heel bone mineral density.

Recent studies have demonstrated the important role played by gut microbiota in regulating bone development, but the evidence of such causal relationship is still sparse in human population. The aim of this study is to assess the causal relationship from gut microbiota to bone development and to identify specific causal bacteria taxa via a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistic based two-sample MR analysis was performed.

Identification of pleiotropic loci underlying hip bone mineral density and trunk lean mass.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass (LBM) not only have a considerable heritability each, but also are genetically correlated. However, common genetic determinants shared by both traits are largely unknown. In the present study, we performed a bivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of hip BMD and trunk lean mass (TLM) in 11,335 subjects from 6 samples, and performed replication in estimated heel BMD and TLM in 215,234 UK Biobank (UKB) participants.

Four pleiotropic loci associated with fat mass and lean mass.

Background: Fat mass and lean mass are two biggest components of body mass. Both fat mass and lean mass are under strong genetic determinants and are correlated.

Methods: We performed a bivariate genome-wide association meta-analysis of (lean adjusted) leg fat mass and (fat adjusted) leg lean mass in 12,517 subjects from 6 samples, and followed by in silico replication in large-scale UK biobank cohort sample (N = 370 097).

Two novel pleiotropic loci associated with osteoporosis and abdominal obesity.

Aiming to uncover a shared genetic basis of abdominal obesity and osteoporosis, we performed a bivariate GWAS meta-analysis of femoral neck BMD (FNK-BMD) and trunk fat mass adjusted by trunk lean mass (TFM) in 11,496 subjects from 6 samples, followed by in silico replication in the large-scale UK Biobank (UKB) cohort. A series of functional investigations were conducted on the identified variants. Bivariate GWAS meta-analysis identified two novel pleiotropic loci 12q15 (lead SNP rs73134637, p = 3.

Two functional variants at 6p21.1 were associated with lean mass.

Background: Low lean body mass is the most important predictor of sarcopenia with strong genetic background. The aim of this study was to uncover genetic factors underlying lean mass development.

Materials And Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fat-adjusted leg lean mass in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS, N = 6587), and replicated in the Women's Health Initiative-African American sub-sample (WHI-AA, N = 847) and the Kansas City Osteoporosis Study (KCOS, N = 2219).

Three Novel Loci for Infant Head Circumference Identified by a Joint Association Analysis.

As an important trait at birth, infant head circumference (HC) is associated with a variety of intelligence- and mental-related conditions. Despite being dominated by genetics, the mechanism underlying the variation of HC is poorly understood. Aiming to uncover the genetic basis of HC, we performed a genome-wide joint association analysis by integrating the genome-wide association summary statistics of HC with that of its two related traits, birth length and birth weight, using a recently developed integrative method, multitrait analysis of genome-wide association (MTAG), and performed replication in an independent sample of intracranial volume ( = 26,577).

Causal link between lipid profile and bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study.

The level of serum lipids is associated with bone mineral density (BMD), an important skeletal trait. Yet the causality has not been determined. Here we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test potential causal links between BMD and lipid profile, i.

Joint Association Analysis Identified 18 New Loci for Bone Mineral Density.

Bone mineral density (BMD) at various skeletal sites have shared genetic determinants. In the present study, aiming to identify shared loci associated with BMD, we conducted a joint association study of a genomewide association study (GWAS) and a meta-analysis of BMD at different skeletal sites: (i) a single GWAS of heel BMD in 142,487 individuals from the UK Biobank, and (ii) a meta-analysis of 30 GWASs of total body (TB) BMD in 66,628 individuals from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium. The genetic correlation coefficient of the two traits was estimated to be 0.

Treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with extracorporeal membrane trioxygenation.

Objective: To treat acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) with extracorporeal membrane trioxygenation (ECMO3), and to determine the efficacy and safety of ECMO3.

Method: Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into four groups including ECMO3 group (G1-ECMO3), oxygen treatment group (G2-FIO2), untreated ACOP group (G3-ACOP), and control group (G4-control). Rabbits in the first three groups were intraperitoneally injected with 99.