Spermidine activates RIP1 deubiquitination to inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway in osteoarthritis.

Spermidine has been known to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, there are no reports about anti-inflammatory effects of spermidine on osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we examined whether OA progression could be delayed by intraperitoneal injection (i.