A ganglioside-based immune checkpoint enables senescent cells to evade immunosurveillance during aging.

Although senescent cells can be eliminated by the immune system, they tend to accumulate with age in various tissues. Here we show that senescent cells can evade immune clearance by natural killer (NK) cells by upregulating the expression of the disialylated ganglioside GD3 at their surface. The increased level of GD3 expression on senescent cells that naturally occurs upon aging in liver, lung, kidney or bones leads to a strong suppression of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance.

Review of the PRIODAC project on thyroid protection from radioactive iodine by repeated iodine intake in individuals aged 12.

Background: Intake of potassium iodide (KI) reduces the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland in the event of possible contamination by radioactive iodine released from a nuclear facility. The WHO has stated the need for research for optimal timing, appropriate dosing regimen and safety for repetitive iodine thyroid blocking (ITB). The French PRIODAC project, addressed all these issues, involving prolonged or repeated releases of radioactive iodine.

Cistytis Glandularis: An Infrequent and Little-Known Tumor. Two Cases Report and Current Evidence.

Objective: To report 2 cases of an extremely rare bladder tumor such as Cystitis Glandularis (CG) that were management by different strategies and review the current evidence.

Material And Methods: Both cases of 43 and 48 years reported the same lower urinary tract symptoms that simulated a malignant bladder tumor. Case 1 presented with an extensive tumor affecting the trigone and the left upper urinary tract; the second case presented a less extensive tumor also at the bladder trigone.

Salvage Radical Prostatectomy in Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Objective: To analyze the perioperatory and short-oncological outcomes in 5 cases with CRPC M0 developed after pRT that underwent salvage laparoscopic RP (sLRP) and review the current evidence.

Material And Methods: Perioperatory and oncological outcomes were prospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were patients that had received pRT and posteriorly presented with CRPC M0 in standard imagines and positron emission tomography MRI coline.

Changes in prolactin receptor location in prostate tumors.

Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) binds its receptor (PRLR) and stimulates cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines via STAT5a, MAPK and AKT.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of PRL and PRLR in normal and tumor prostate tissues with different Gleason patterns.

Methods: Samples of normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa with different Gleason patterns were selected from radical prostatectomy.

Tumor microenvironment affects exogenous sodium/iodide symporter expression.

For decades, sodium/iodide symporter NIS-mediated iodide uptake has played a crucial role in the radioactive ablation of thyroid cancer cells. NIS-based gene therapy has also become a promising tool for the treatment of tumors of extrathyroidal origin. But its applicability has been hampered by reduced expression of NIS, resulting in a moderated capacity to accumulate I and in inefficient ablation.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery as a tool for lithiasis management in renal anomalies. Four cases description.

Objective: The management of stone disease in renal abnormalities is a challenge for urologist due to its rarity. The aim of the current manuscript is to report our experience in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in 4 complex-abdnormal cases using the flexible videoureterorrenoscopy.

Material And Methods: Data was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed regarding our first 100 RIRS for stone disease with flexible videoureterorrenoscope (FLEX-X 8.

Proteomic Analysis of Iodinated Contrast Agent-Induced Perturbation of Thyroid Iodide Uptake.

(1) Background: We recently showed that iodinated contrast media (ICM) reduced thyroid uptake of iodide independently of free iodide through a mechanism different from that of NaI and involving a dramatic and long-lasting decrease in Na/I symporter expression. The present study aimed at comparing the response of the thyroid to ICM and NaI using a quantitative proteomic approach. (2) Methods: Scintiscans were performed on ICM-treated patients.

Signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate. Report of 5 cases and literature review.

Objective: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the prostate is very a rare tumor. It is comprised of cells that are similar to signet ring cell tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis requires histopathology and also elimination of the adenocarcinomas of other organs.

Improving I Radioiodine Therapy By Hybrid Polymer-Grafted Gold Nanoparticles.

Background: Human trials combining external radiotherapy (RT) and metallic nanoparticles are currently underway in cancer patients. For internal RT, in which a radioisotope such as radioiodine is systemically administered into patients, there is also a need for enhancing treatment efficacy, decreasing radiation-induced side effects and overcoming radio-resistance. However, if strategies vectorising radioiodine through nanocarriers have been documented, sensitizing the neoplasm through the use of nanotherapeutics easily translatable to the clinic in combination with the standard systemic radioiodine treatment has not been assessed yet.

Urinary ketone body loss leads to degeneration of brain white matter in elderly SLC5A8-deficient mice.

SLC5A8 is a sodium-coupled monocarboxylate and ketone transporter expressed in various epithelial cells. A putative role of SLC5A8 in neuroenergetics has been also hypothesized. To clarify this issue, we studied the cerebral phenotype of SLC5A8-deficient mice during aging.

DO MULTIPLE ADMINISTRATIONS OF STABLE IODINE PROTECT POPULATION CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO RADIOACTIVE IODINE: WHAT IS PRIODAC RESEARCH PROGRAM (2014-22) TEACHING US?

Single dose of potassium iodide (KI) is recommended to prevent the risk of thyroid cancer during nuclear accidents. However in the case of repeated/protracted radioiodine release, a unique dose of KI may not protect efficiently the thyroid against the risk of further developing a radiation-induced cancer. The new WHO guidelines for the use in planning for and responding to radiological and nuclear emergencies identify the need of more data on this subject as one of the four research priorities.

Iodinated Contrast Agents Perturb Iodide Uptake by the Thyroid Independently of Free Iodide.

Perturbation of thyroid iodide uptake is a well-documented side effect of the use of iodinated contrast media (ICM) administered intravenously. This side effect is thought to be mediated by free iodide in ICM formulations, but this hypothesis has never been formally proven. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of this hypothesis.

New technique for nephron-sparing surgery in polar tumours. A modification of the Kim technique.

Introduction And Objectives: Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is the indication, provided it is feasible and meets the international treatment guidelines. One of the objectives of performing NSS is to reduce the ischemia time as much as possible. We propose a surgical technique for treating polar renal tumours and those larger than 4cm based on the principle of the technique described by Kim in 1964.

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Preclinical Assessment of Thyroid Radioiodide Uptake Following Various Combinations of Preparative Measures.

Background: MicroSPECT/CT imaging was used to quantitatively evaluate how iodide uptake in the mouse thyroid is influenced by (i) route of iodine administration; (ii) injection of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH); and (iii) low iodide diet (LID) in euthyroid and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated mice.

Methods: Pertechnetate (TcO) and I thyroid uptake in euthyroid and T3-treated animals fed either a normal-iodine diet (NID) or an LID, treated or not with rhTSH, and radiotracer administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or by gavage, were assessed using microSPECT/CT imaging. Western blotting was performed to measure sodium/iodide symporter expression levels in the thyroid.

Synthetic Renal Capsule Tailoring: A Novel Renorrhaphy Technique After Subcapsular Dissection of Renal Tumors with Severe Adherent Perirenal Fat During Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy.

Background: Multiple factors can account for surgical complexity during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN); severe adhesion of perirenal fat (PRF) is a crucial one. Consequent renal decapsulation can deem renorrhaphy a very challenging task. We propose a novel technique (synthetic renal capsule tailoring [SYRCT]) to facilitate renorrhaphy in decapsulated kidneys and suggest early decapsulation as a safe option in cases with severe PRF.

High-Frequency Quantitative Ultrasound Spectroscopy of Excised Canine Livers and Mouse Tumors Using the Structure Factor Model.

Three scattering models were examined for characterizing ex vivo canine livers and HT29 mouse tumors in the 10-38- and the 15-42-MHz frequency bandwidth, respectively. The spherical Gaussian model (SGM) and the fluid sphere model (FSM) that were examined are suitable for dealing with sparse media, whereas the structure factor model (SFM) is adapted for characterizing concentrated media. For the canine livers, the scatterer radius and the acoustic concentration estimated with the three models were similar and matched well the nuclear structures obtained from histological analysis (with relative errors less than 7%).

Evaluation of tetrafunctional block copolymers as synthetic vectors for lung gene transfer.

In the present study, we evaluated, in mice, the efficacy of the tetrafunctional block copolymer 704 as a nonviral gene delivery vector to the lungs. SPECT/CT molecular imaging of gene expression, biochemical assays, and immunohistochemistry were used. Our dataset shows that the formulation 704 resulted in higher levels of reporter gene expression than the GL67A formulation currently being used in a clinical trial in cystic fibrosis patients.

⁹⁹mTcO₄--, auger-mediated thyroid stunning: dosimetric requirements and associated molecular events.

Low-energy Auger and conversion electrons deposit their energy in a very small volume (a few nm3) around the site of emission. From a radiotoxicological point of view the effects of low-energy electrons on normal tissues are largely unknown, understudied, and generally assumed to be negligible. In this context, the discovery that the low-energy electron emitter, 99mTc, can induce stunning on primary thyrocytes in vitro, at low absorbed doses, is intriguing.

Amplitude-based data selection for optimal retrospective reconstruction in micro-SPECT.

Respiratory motion can blur the tomographic reconstruction of positron emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images, which subsequently impair quantitative measurements, e.g. in the upper abdomen area.

Normalisation to blood activity is required for the accurate quantification of Na/I symporter ectopic expression by SPECT/CT in individual subjects.

The utilisation of the Na/I symporter (NIS) and associated radiotracers as a reporter system for imaging gene expression is now reaching the clinical setting in cancer gene therapy applications. However, a formal assessment of the methodology in terms of normalisation of the data still remains to be performed, particularly in the context of the assessment of activities in individual subjects in longitudinal studies. In this context, we administered to mice a recombinant, replication-incompetent adenovirus encoding rat NIS, or a human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HT29) encoding mouse NIS.

Distribution and dynamics of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake in the thyroid and other organs assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography in living mice.

Background: (99m)Tc pertechnetate is a well-known anion, used for clinical imaging of thyroid function. This gamma emitter is transported by the sodium iodide symporter but is not incorporated into thyroglobulin. Scintigraphy using (99m)Tc pertechnetate or (123)iodide represents a powerful tool for the study of sodium iodide symporter activity in different organs of living animal models.

Preliminary study of pulsed-electromagnetic fields effects on endothelial (HUVEC) cell secretions--modulation of the thrombo-hemorrhagic balance.

We investigated the role of low-amplitude magnetic pulse with low repetition frequency superimposed on the environmental electromagnetic field (EMF) on the secretion of anti-aggregant (Prostacyclin or PGI(2)) and pro-aggregant (Thromboxane A(2)) agents in endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord vein (HUVEC). We established that magnetic pulse exposure modulates both PGI(2) and TXA(2). These modulations depend on the frequency, width of the pulse, and intensity of the magnetic field.

The type 1 lysophosphatidic acid receptor is a target for therapy in bone metastases.

Platelet-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) supports the progression of breast and ovarian cancer metastasis to bone. The mechanisms through which LPA promotes bone metastasis formation are, however, unknown. Here we report that silencing of the type 1 LPA receptor (LPA(1)) in cancer cells blocks the production of tumor-derived cytokines that are potent activators of osteoclast-mediated bone destruction and significantly reduces the progression of osteolytic bone metastases.

Human breast tumors override the antiangiogenic effect of stromal thrombospondin-1 in vivo.

The antiangiogenic extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in animals. However, the clinical relevance of such findings are equivocal as increased stromal TSP-1 expression has been associated with either good or poor prognosis. In an effort to obtain a more integrated understanding of the role of TSP-1 in breast cancer, we first used a breast tumorigenesis model in which tumor-associated stromal fibroblasts were engineered to produce high levels of TSP-1.