Molecular characterization of an unusual new plant RNA virus reveals an evolutionary link between two different virus families.

An unusual novel plant virus provisionally named goji berry chlorosis virus (GBCV) was isolated from goji berry plants (Lycium chinense Miller) showing chlorosis symptoms and its complete genome sequence was determined. The viral genome consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA of 10,100 ribonucleotides and contains six open reading frames (ORFs). Electron microscopy showed that the viral genome is packaged as a filamentous particle with an average length of approximately 850 nm.

Identification of rehmannia virus 1, a novel putative member of the genus Closterovirus, from Rehmannia glutinosa.

Transcriptome sequencing analysis of a symptomatic Rehmannia glutinosa plant revealed a virome containing two known RNA viruses and one novel virus. In this study, we examined the molecular and biological characteristics of the novel virus. The complete genome of the novel virus is composed of monopartite single-stranded RNA of 15,322 nucleotides with 69% nucleotide sequence identity (with 68% coverage) to tobacco virus 1.

First report of cherry virus A infecting in South Korea.

We report the detection of cherry virus A (CVA) in a sample using Illumina HiSeq 2500 paired-end RNA sequencing. CVA isolate OC shared highest sequence identity with CVA isolate J, which was recently identified in in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CVA infecting in Korea and the first complete genome sequence of CVA isolated from in the world.

Molecular detection and characterization of a divergent isolate of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in .

Four samples of showing mottle or mottled yellowing symptoms were collected and three of them were confirmed to be infected with Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) by Illumina HiSeq 2500 paired-end RNA sequencing. Consequently, the complete genomic sequence of a Korean isolate of PlAMV (PlAMV isolate Gunwi) from was determined. The nucleotide sequence of PlAMV-Gunwi was most closely related to a Russian isolate of PlAMV (PlAMV-Ru) collected from but highly dissimilar (~23 %) to other isolates of PlAMV from other plant species.

α-Glucosidase inhibition by prenylated and lavandulyl compounds from Sophora flavescens roots and in silico analysis.

The enzyme α-glucosidase is a good drug target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Four minor flavonoids (1-4) from roots of Sophora flavescens showed the inhibitory activity, with IC values ranging from 11.0±0.

Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of peach virus D, a putative new member of the genus Marafivirus.

The complete nucleotide sequence of peach virus D (PeVD) from Prunus persica was determined. The PeVD genome consists of 6,612 nucleotides excluding the 3' poly(A) tail and contains a single open reading frame coding for a polyprotein of 227 kDa. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis revealed that PeVD is most closely related to viruses in the genus Marafivirus, family Tymoviridae.

Tyrosinase inhibitory components from Aloe vera and their antiviral activity.

A new compound, 9-dihydroxyl-2'-O-(Z)-cinnamoyl-7-methoxy-aloesin (1), and eight known compounds (2-9) were isolated from Aloe vera. Their structures were elucidated using 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. Compound 9 exhibited reversible competitive inhibitory activity against the enzyme tyrosinase, with an IC value of 9.

Deep Sequencing Analysis of Apple Infecting Viruses in Korea.

Deep sequencing has generated 52 contigs derived from five viruses; (ACLSV), (ASGV), (ASPV), (AGCaV), and (ApLV) were identified from eight apple samples showing small leaves and/or growth retardation. Nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of the assembled contigs was from 68% to 99% compared to the reference sequences of the five respective viral genomes. Sequences of ASPV and ASGV were the most abundantly represented by the 52 contigs assembled.

Inhibitory Components from on Pepper Mild Mottle Virus.

The goal of this study was to identify a source of natural plant compounds with inhibitory activity against pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). We showed, using a half-leaf assay, that murrayafoline-A () and isomahanine () isolated from the aerial parts of have inhibitory activity against PMMoV through curative, inactivation, and protection effects. Using a leaf-disk assay, we confirmed that inhibited virus replication in .

Complete Nucleotide Sequences and Genome Organization of Two Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Isolates from Capsicum annuum in South Korea.

The complete genome sequences of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)-P2 and -P3 were determined by the Sanger sequencing method. Although PMMoV-P2 and PMMoV-P3 have different pathogenicity in some pepper cultivars, the complete genome sequences of PMMoV-P2 and -P3 are composed of 6,356 nucleotides (nt). In this study, we report the complete genome sequences and genome organization of PMMoV-P2 and -P3 isolates from pepper species in South Korea.

Identification of Leonurus sibiricus as a Weed Reservoir for Three Pepper-Infecting Viruses.

In plant virus ecology, weeds are regarded as wild reservoirs of viruses and as potential sources for insect-mediated transmission of viruses. During field surveys in 2013-2014, three Leonurus sibiricus plants showing virus-like symptoms were collected from pepper fields in Daegu, Seosan, and Danyang in Korea. Molecular diagnosis assays showed that the collected L.

Biological and Molecular Characterization of a Korean Isolate of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus Infecting Cucumis Species in Korea.

Surveys of yellowing viruses in plastic tunnels and in open field crops of melon (Cucumis melo cultivar catalupo), oriental melon (C. melo cultivar oriental melon), and cucumber (C. sativus) were carried out in two melon-growing areas in 2014, Korea.

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitory Activity of Selaginellin Derivatives from Selaginella tamariscina.

Selaginellin derivatives 1-3 isolated from Selaginella tamariscina were evaluated for their inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to demonstrate their potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. All selaginellin derivatives (1-3) inhibited sEH enzymatic activity and PHOME hydrolysis, in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3.1 ± 0.

Genomic detection and characterization of a Korean isolate of Little cherry virus 1 sampled from a peach tree.

A peach tree (Prunus persica) showing yellowing and mild mottle symptoms was analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing to determine the causal agent. A total of nine contigs similar to Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) were produced, and all the contigs showed nucleotide sequence identity (lower than 83 %) and query coverage (higher than 73 %) with LChV-1. The symptomatic peach sample was confirmed to be infected with LChV-1-like virus as a result of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers designed based on sequences of the contigs.

Construction of Infectious cDNA Clone of a Chrysanthemum stunt viroid Korean Isolate.

Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), a noncoding infectious RNA molecule, causes seriously economic losses of chrysanthemum for 3 or 4 years after its first infection. Monomeric cDNA clones of CSVd isolate SK1 (CSVd-SK1) were constructed in the plasmids pGEM-T easy vector and pUC19 vector. Linear positive-sense transcripts synthesized in vitro from the full-length monomeric cDNA clones of CSVd-SK1 could infect systemically tomato seedlings and chrysanthemum plants, suggesting that the linear CSVd RNA transcribed from the cDNA clones could be replicated as efficiently as circular CSVd in host species.

Genetic variability in the coat protein genes of Cymbidium mosaic virus isolates from orchids.

The variability in the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of the coat protein (CP) of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), which naturally infects orchids worldwide, was investigated. The CP genes of 55 CymMV isolates originating from different locations in Korea were amplified using RT-PCR and sequenced. The encoded CP consists of 223 aa.