Widespread Bradyrhizobium distribution of diverse Type III effectors that trigger legume nodulation in the absence of Nod factor.

The establishment of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis is generally based on plant perception of Nod factors (NFs) synthesized by the bacteria. However, some Bradyrhizobium strains can nodulate certain legume species, such as Aeschynomene spp. or Glycine max, independently of NFs, and via two different processes that are distinguished by the necessity or not of a type III secretion system (T3SS).

Metabolic Profile of Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes from Sub-Saharan Africa.

Epidemiological data predicts that sub-Saharan Africa will have the largest increase in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence over the next two decades. Metabolomics studies have identified biomarkers that could improve T2D diagnosis and follow-up. However, no studies have characterized the metabolome of people from sub-Saharan Africa.

Reliability assessment and validation of the post-acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI) in a population from Sub-Saharan Africa in Senegal.

Background: A post-acne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI) has been developed in the United States to better compare therapeutic modalities. Our aim in this study was to validate the PAHPI score in patients with skin type VI from sub-Saharan Africa.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted in Dakar, Senegal.

Unusual extra-podal fungal mycetoma with black grains in a Senegalese child.

Mycetoma remains endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions of the "mycetoma belt" including Senegal. It affects more commonly young men in the age group of 20 to 40 years. The foot represents the most commonly affected site.

Increased Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes-Related Complications in Combined Type 2 Diabetes and Sickle Cell Trait.

Objective: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, where sickle cell trait (SCT) is also frequent. Although SCT is generally considered a benign condition, evidence suggests that SCT could exaggerate vascular dysfunction in T2D. However, it remains unclear whether SCT could increase the risk of the development of T2D complications.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of select respiratory tract pathogens in Dakar, Senegal.

Background: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most common causative agents of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The increase in resistance to current antibacterial agents highlights the need to monitor the resistance pattern of these bacterial pathogens.

Methodology: In this study, we assessed the antibacterial susceptibility of these pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in Dakar, Senegal, during 2007-2008.

Genetic diversity and distribution of Bradyrhizobium and Azorhizobium strains associated with the herb legume Zornia glochidiata sampled from across Senegal.

Herb legumes have great potential for rehabilitation of semi-arid degraded soils in Sahelian ecosystems as they establish mutualistic symbiosis with N(2)-fixing rhizobia. A phylogenetic analysis was performed for 78 root nodule bacteria associated with the common Sahelian herb legume Zornia glochidiata Reichb ex DC in Senegal. Based on ITS (rDNA16S-23S) and recA sequences, these strains were shown to belong to the two genera Bradyrhizobium and Azorhizobium.

Long-term efficacy and tolerance of efavirenz- and nevirapine-containing regimens in adult HIV type 1 Senegalese patients.

Owing to their low toxicity, low price, and ease of use, efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) are frequently used as part of antiretroviral regimens for AIDS treatment. Several clinical trials have already studied their efficacy and tolerance. However, long-term observations of the effects of these drugs in patients are limited.

Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Genista saharae microsymbionts from the infra-arid region of Tunisia.

Aims: Genista saharae, indigenous of Sahara, is a spontaneous shrub that plays an important ecological role for the preservation and fertility of poor and eroded soils. This legume has not been examined for its root nodule bacteria. The taxonomic diversity of bacteria from root nodules of G.

Time-resolved Fourier transform intracavity spectroscopy with a Cr2+:ZnSe laser.

Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) with an evacuated Cr2+:ZnSe laser is performed with a high-resolution time-resolved Fourier transform interferometer with a minimum detectable absorption coefficient equal to 4 x 10(-9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) in the 2.5 microm region. This represents the extreme limit currently reached in the infrared by ICLAS with Doppler-limited resolution.