Assessment and Prediction of Salivary Gland Function After Head and Neck Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Background: Modern imaging techniques with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have recently been developed to assess radiation-induced damage to salivary structures. The primary aim of this review was to summarize evidence on the imaging modalities used for the assessment and prediction of xerostomia after head and neck radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using successively the MeSH terms "PET," "MRI," "scintigraphy," "xerostomia," and "radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy for stage IIA/IIB seminomas: Back to the future?

Seminoma is a highly curable disease; therefore, long-term morbidity of oncological treatment represents a crucial stake. In view of the considerable advances made in radiotherapy in the past decade, we aim to shed light on current and future strategies that hold promises for the management of stage II seminoma.

Defining the potential for sexual structures-sparing for prostate cancer external beam radiotherapy: A dosimetric study.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of sexual-sparing radiotherapy for prostate cancer, with magnetic resonance-only treatment planning.

Material And Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients receiving prostate cancer radiotherapy were selected. A synthetic CT was generated with a deep learning method from each T2-weighted MRI performed at the time of treatment planning.

Urinary Organs at Risk for Prostate Cancer External Beam Radiation Therapy: Contouring Guidelines on Behalf of the Francophone Group of Urological Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: The occurrence of genitourinary (GU) toxicity is a common adverse event observed after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Recent findings suggest that the dose delivered to specific urinary organs at risk (OARs) such as the ureters, bladder trigone, and urethra is involved in the development of GU toxicity.

Methods And Materials: A multidisciplinary task force including 3 radiation oncologists, a uroradiologist, and a urologist was created in 2022.

The current landscape of stereotactic body radiation therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: The onset of castration-resistance is associated with dismal outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Metastasis directed therapy has been investigated in multiple disease settings and may improve outcomes in selected patients. Our systematic review aims to summarize evidence with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

The testosterone replacement therapy for prostate cancer patients: Time to take the leap?

The advent of new systemic therapies resulted in a significant decrease in prostate cancer (PCa) death in the past decades. It comes at the cost of an increase in the proportion of men living with long-term treatment-induced hypogonadism. In a population of men with no history of PCa, the testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) proved its ability to both improve erectile function and reduce cardiovascular morbidity, translating into an improved overall survival.

Cervical Cancer Associated with Pregnancy: Current Challenges and Future Strategies.

Cancer during pregnancy is defined as a tumor diagnosed in a pregnant woman or up to 1-year post-partum. While being a rare disease, cervical cancer is probably one of the most challenging medical conditions, with the dual stake of treating the cancer without compromising its chances for cure, while preserving the pregnancy and the health of the fetus and child. To date, guidelines for gynecological cancers are provided through international consensus meetings with expert panels, giving insights on both diagnosis, treatment, and obstetrical care.

A deep learning model to generate synthetic CT for prostate MR-only radiotherapy dose planning: a multicenter study.

Introduction: For radiotherapy based solely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), generating synthetic computed tomography scans (sCT) from MRI is essential for dose calculation. The use of deep learning (DL) methods to generate sCT from MRI has shown encouraging results if the MRI images used for training the deep learning network and the MRI images for sCT generation come from the same MRI device. The objective of this study was to create and evaluate a generic DL model capable of generating sCTs from various MRI devices for prostate radiotherapy.

Computed tomography synthesis from magnetic resonance imaging using cycle Generative Adversarial Networks with multicenter learning.

Addressing the need for accurate dose calculation in MRI-only radiotherapy, the generation of synthetic Computed Tomography (sCT) from MRI has emerged. Deep learning (DL) techniques, have shown promising results in achieving high sCT accuracies. However, existing sCT synthesis methods are often center-specific, posing a challenge to their generalizability.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: current status and future directions.

Purpose: Around 40% of men with intermediate-risk or high-risk prostate cancer will experience a biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). The aim of this review is to describe both toxicity and oncological outcomes following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered to the prostate bed (PB).

Method: In april 2023, we performed a systematic review of studies published in MEDLINE or ClinicalTrials.

State of the art and future challenges of urethra-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review of literature.

Purpose: Doses delivered to the urethra have been associated with an increased risk to develop long-term urinary toxicity in patients undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Aim of the present systematic review is to report on the role of urethra-sparing SBRT (US-SBRT) techniques for prostate cancer, with a focus on outcome and urinary toxicity.

Method: A systematic review of the literature was performed on the PubMed database on May 2023.

Sexual Structure Sparing for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review.

Context: Erectile dysfunction represents a major side effect of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, negatively impacting men's quality of life. While radiation therapy (RT) advances have enabled the mitigation of both genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities, no significant improvement has been showed in sexual quality of life over time.

Objective: The primary aim of this review was to assess sexual structures' dose-volume parameters associated with the onset of erectile dysfunction.

[Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary kidney cancer].

The incidence of primary renal cancer is increasing, particularly in elderly patients who may have comorbidities and/or a surgical contraindications. Stereotactic body radiotherapy has primarily been evaluated retrospectively to date. The most commonly used dose schedules are 40Gy in five fractions, 42Gy in three fractions, and 26Gy in one fraction.

The role of radiation therapy for de novo metastatic bladder and renal cancers.

Metastatic bladder and renal cancers account respectively for 2.1% and 1.8% of cancer deaths worldwide.

Prostate cancer radiotherapy and incidental testicular irradiation: Impact on gonadal function.

Incidental testicular irradiation during prostate cancer radiotherapy is rarely documented in literature and the long-term impact on gonadal function largely underreported. Here we present an overview of available data on incidental testicular irradiation and radiation-induced hypogonadism during prostate cancer radiotherapy and discuss future technical developments to minimize testis irradiation.

A Novel Concept of Transperineal Focused Ultrasound Transducer for Prostate Cancer Local Deep Hyperthermia Treatments.

Design, embodiment, and experimental study of a novel concept of extracorporeal phased array ultrasound transducer for prostate cancer regional deep hyperthermia treatments using a transperineal acoustic window is presented. An optimized design of hyperthermia applicator was derived from a modelling software where acoustic and thermal fields were computed based on anatomical data. Performance tests have been experimentally conducted on gel phantoms and tissues, under 3T MRI guidance using PRFS thermometry.

Radiation therapy post radical prostatectomy: who, when and why?

Purpose Of Review: During decades, adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) has been the standard of care after surgery, based on four randomized clinical trials (RCTs). As early salvage radiotherapy (SRT) recently challenged the ART paradigm, the optimal timing to initiate radiotherapy remains a matter of debate.

Recent Findings: Three RCTs evaluated ART or SRT for postprostatectomy patients, with pathological risk factors (Gleason score > 8, pT3, positive margins).

Recommendations for radiation therapy in oligometastatic prostate cancer: An ESTRO-ACROP Delphi consensus.

Background And Purpose: Oligometastatic prostate cancer is a new and emerging treatment field with only few prospective randomized studies published so far. Despite the lack of strong level I evidence, metastasis-directed therapies (MDT) are widely used in clinical practice, mainly based on retrospective and small phase 2 studies and with a large difference across centers. Pending results of ongoing prospective randomized trials, there is a clear need for more consistent treatment indications and radiotherapy practices.

The Emerging Role of Extracranial Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Context: Although the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been revolutionized by the advent of new systemic agents, still few patients experience a long-term durable response. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is nowadays commonly used as metastasis-directed therapy (MDT), but limited data exist on how best to implement this strategy as part of a multimodal approach.

Objective: To evaluate the potential role of extracranial SABR in mRCC and to identify future therapeutic developments of SABR in different disease settings.

Impact of radiotherapy on survival in resected or unresectable anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, a Rare Cancer Network study.

Purpose: Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) are a heterogenous group of tumors of overall dismal prognosis. We designed models to identify relevant prognostic factors of survival of irradiated ATC patients including radiotherapy modalities (field size, dose).

Material And Methods: Between 2000 and 2017, 166 ATC patients' treatments were divided into surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (poRT) or definitive radiotherapy (RT).

Combined hyperthermia and radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Optimization of treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients treated with curative radiation therapy (RT) represents one of the major challenges for the radiation oncologist. Dose escalation or combination of RT with systemic therapies is used to improve tumor control in patients with unfavorable prostate cancer, at the risk of increasing rates and severity of treatment-related toxicities. Elevation of temperature to a supra-physiological level has been shown to both increase tumor oxygenation and reduce DNA repair capabilities.

PET/CT-Based Salvage Radiotherapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: Impact on Treatment Management and Future Directions.

Biochemical recurrence is a clinical situation experienced by 20 to 40% of prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). Prostate bed (PB) radiation therapy (RT) remains the mainstay salvage treatment, although it remains non-curative for up to 30% of patients developing further recurrence. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) using prostate cancer-targeting radiotracers has emerged in the last decade as a new-generation imaging technique characterized by a better restaging accuracy compared to conventional imaging.

Postoperative radiotherapy after flap reconstructive surgery in patients with head and neck cancer: A retrospective monocentric study with flap delineation to assess toxicity and relapse.

Purpose: Flaps are increasingly used during reconstructive surgery of head and neck cancers to improve functional outcomes. There are no guidelines as to whether the whole flap or its anastomotic border should be included in the primary tumour target volume of postoperative radiotherapy to prevent local relapses. Relapse and toxicity rates can increase substantially if the whole flap received full dose.

Phase II study of concomitant radiotherapy with atezolizumab in oligometastatic soft tissue sarcomas: STEREOSARC trial protocol.

Introduction: Up to 50% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients develop metastases in the course of their disease. Cytotoxic therapy is a standard treatment in this setting but yields average tumour response rates of 25% at first line and ≤10% at later lines. In oligometastatic stage, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows reaching high control rates at treated sites (≥80%) and is potentially equally effective to surgery in term of overall survival.