Long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent metabolic and vascular disorders in fructose-fed rats.

The crossover relationship between cardiometabolic risk, in terms of insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of insulin-sensitive tissues as well as the dietary FA impact has almost never been explored in the same experiment. In this study, the intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) alone and/or with its higher metabolites, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were evaluated in a nonobese, hypertriglyceridemic and insulin-resistant rat model, that exhibits the 2 main characteristics of metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were fed either a cornstarch and (n-6) PUFA-based diet (C-N6) or a 66% fructose diet over a 10-wk period.

Effect of beta-cyclodextrin dietary supplementation on biliary proteins and their resulting cholesterol nucleating activity in pigs.

We explored the possibility that the biliary protein fraction may support part of the variation in the nucleating activity previously measured in gallbladder biles of pigs. Eighteen gallbladder aspirates freshly obtained from three dietary groups (0, 5, or 10% beta-cyclodextrin) of six pigs were chromatographed to purify their total protein fraction. Proteins were quantified, and analysed through electrophoresis and immunoblotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for albumin, and five putative effectors of cholesterol crystallisation, mucins, immunoglobulin A, 130 kDa, apolipoprotein A-I, and anionic polypeptide fraction.

Physiological effects of a pea protein isolate in gnotobiotic rats: comparison with a soybean isolate and meat.

Pea proteins have been considered for the introduction into the human diet only recently. This protein source was tested on nutritional and digestive parameters in heteroxenic male Fischer rats inoculated with a human faecal microflora from a methane producer. Compared to soybean proteins, pea proteins have similar effects on the rat's endogenous and bacterial digestive patterns.

Influence of caecal microflora and of two dietary protein levels on the adaptation of the exocrine pancreas: comparative study in germ-free and conventional rats.

Dietary proteins are degraded by both endogenous enzymes and the caecal microflora. In conventional rats the enzyme content of the pancreas depends on the amount of dietary protein. The influence of the caecal microflora on this process is unknown.

Role of CCK in the regulation of secretion and adaptation in the pig pancreas.

The effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on the pancreas was investigated in the pig in two experiments. Fifteen pigs were fed a diet containing 17 or 48% protein with or without MK329 (4.5 mg per meal).

Influence of bile salt molecular species on cholesterol crystallization from supersaturated model biles.

Time-sequential enzymatic determination of cholesterol (CH) crystals harvested by ultrafiltration, and concomitant polarizing light microscopy observations corroborated the striking importance of the bile salts (BS) species in determining CH crystals formation rate from supersaturated model biles incubated in vitro. The more hydrophilic tauroursodeoxycholate, taurohyocholate, glycohyocholate, taurohyodeoxycholate, glycohyodeoxycholate and glyco-3 alpha, hydroxy-6 oxo-5 beta-cholanate inhibited CH precipitation through the formation of a stabilized liquid-crystalline phase. In contrast, in all hydrophobic systems (taurine (T) and glycine (G) conjugates of cholate (C), deoxycholate (DC) and chenodeoxycholate (CDC)), CH crystals precipitated with time.

Evidence for an apical, nonregulated protein secretion in pig exocrine pancreas.

Secretory proteins are segregated into two pathways out of the trans-Golgi network of regulated secretory cells. To identify proteins specifically secreted by pathways other than the one leading to zymogen granule exocytosis in the exocrine pancreas, conscious permanently cannulated pigs were perfused with atropine to inhibit the regulated fusion of granules. Atropine almost totally inhibited the protein secretion after 1 h of perfusion.

Early adaptation of pancreas to a protein-enriched diet: role of cholecystokinin and gastrin-releasing peptide.

Feeding rats a diet containing high levels of protein (as casein) increases the secretion and biosynthesis of pancreatic serine proteases. Cholecystokinin (CCK) presumably plays a role in this process although other GI peptides such as the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) may be involved. In this article, we describe the kinetics of pancreatic adaptation to a diet containing 45% protein as soybean and fish.

Trypsin-dependent production of an antibacterial substance by a human Peptostreptococcus strain in gnotobiotic rats and in vitro.

An antibacterial substance appeared within 1 day in feces of gnotobiotic rats harboring a human intestinal Peptostreptococcus strain. It disappeared when the rat bile-pancreatic duct was ligatured or when the rats ingested a trypsin inhibitor. Anaerobic cultures of the Peptostreptococcus strain in a medium supplemented with trypsin also exhibited an antibacterial activity, which was also inhibited by the trypsin inhibitor.

Effects of diets containing casein and rapeseed on enzyme secretion from the exocrine pancreas in the pig.

The effect of dietary protein on enzyme activity of pancreatic juice was studied in ten growing, castrated, Large White male pigs. Animals, fitted with permanent cannulas in the pancreatic duct and in the duodenum, were divided into two groups receiving either casein or rapeseed concentrate as a protein source. After a 15 d adaptation period to the experimental diet, the volume of pancreatic secretion was significantly higher, whereas the protein concentration was lower in the casein group compared with the rapeseed group.

Effects of pancreatic polypeptide on the pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by secretin and cholecystokinin in the conscious pig.

Fourteen castrated male Large White pigs, weighing 42.5 +/- 1.0 kg, were fitted with pancreatic and duodenal fistulae for pancreatic secretion studies.

Short-term (8-day) effects of a raw soybean diet on exocrine pancreatic secretion and plasma gastrointestinal hormone levels in the pig.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term (8-day) effects of feeding a raw soybean diet on exocrine pancreatic secretion and the plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones in pigs. After adaptation to a heated soybean diet, 6 pigs (36.5 +/- 0.