Approach to graduate nursing education pedagogy and learning transition.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing (SON) is a historically in person graduate program that immediately transitioned to remote learning at the start of the pandemic. In 2022, upon emerging from the pandemic, the need to intentionally determine the teaching and learning modality of the UCSF SON became apparent. This is a report of the process of our institutions transition from an in person to a hybrid school.

Development of the "LAser Surgical skills Evaluation for Residents" (LASER) Scale Through a Modified Delphi Method.

Background: The CO laser is frequently used during microlaryngeal surgery (MLS) for a variety of pathology including laryngeal malignancy and stenosis. Learning how to use the laser safely is part of the curriculum for every otolaryngology resident. However, assessment of laryngoscopy technical skills can be challenging for supervisors, making it difficult to adequately provide feedback to trainees.

The use of artificial intelligence in reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer: a systematic review.

Objectives: The popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) in head and neck cancer (HNC) management is increasing, but postoperative complications remain prevalent and are the main factor that impact prognosis after surgery. Hence, recent studies aim to assess new AI models to evaluate their ability to predict free flap complications more effectively than traditional algorithms. This systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on the utilization of AI models to predict complications following reconstructive surgery for HNC.

Predictors of prolonged treatment time intervals in oral cavity cancer.

Objectives: Delays in treatment time intervals have been associated with overall survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). The aim of this study was to identify bottlenecks leading to prolonged treatment intervals.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using a cohort of OCSCC patients who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy.

Patterns of alaryngeal voice adoption and predictive factors of vocal rehabilitation failure following total laryngectomy.

Objective: We aimed to determine patterns of alaryngeal voice acquisition and predictive factors of vocal rehabilitation (VR) failure following total laryngectomy (TL) at a large Canadian tertiary care center.

Methods: All consecutive patients having undergone a TL between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2019, at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal were included.

Results: One hundred and ninety-seven laryngectomized patients were identified.

Assessment of surgical competence for neck dissection: a pilot study.

Background: Progressive implementation of the milestone competence-based curriculum has created a need for new objective and validated means to assess resident surgical proficiency. A previous systematic review of the literature by our group has highlighted a shortage of tools assessing surgical competence in oncologic procedures in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery.

Methods: We developed a procedure-specific assessment tool for neck dissection using a modified Delphi method.

Reconstruction of medium-size defects of the oral cavity: radial forearm free flap vs facial artery musculo-mucosal flap.

Background: The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is the most commonly used flap for defects of the oral cavity. The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) is a safe and effective method to reconstruct medium sized defects of the oral cavity. No comparison exists between the FAMM flap and RFFF.

Development, translation, and preliminary validation of the neck dissection assessment tool.

Background: The objective was to develop an assessment tool to evaluate residents' competency for neck dissection and provide preliminary evidence of feasibility, reliability, and validity.

Methods: Six surgeons developed a neck dissection assessment tool using a modified Delphi method and evaluated 58 neck dissections from six junior and six senior otolaryngology residents.

Results: The assessment tool uses a double checklist: a previously validated global rating scale (GRS) and a task-specific checklist (TSC).

Post-Heart Transplant Care Pathway's Impact on Reducing Length of Stay.

Background: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) has undesirable consequences including increased cost, resource consumption, morbidity, and disruptions in hospital flow.

Local Problem: A high-volume heart transplant center in the Pacific Northwest had a mean index hospital LOS of 23 days, with a goal of 10 days according to the institutional heart transplant care pathway.

Methods: A retrospective, regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to LOS of 41 post-heart transplant patients.

The Department of Surgery of the Université de Montréal, 70th anniversary.

The Department of Surgery of the Université de Montréal was officially chartered in 1961, but the structure had been in place since since 1951. The department grew as a fusion of hospital-based surgery training programs from the largest French-speaking hospitals in Montreal. Currently 448 professors (135 women and 313 men) teach in the department.

Phase II study of de-intensified intensity-modulated radiotherapy and concurrent carboplatin/5-fluorouracil in lateralized p16-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Purpose: To assess cancer control and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after de-intensified intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in lateralized p16-associated oropharyngeal cancer (p16-OPC).

Methods: Lateralized p16-OPC treated with radiotherapy and concurrent Carboplatin/5-fluorouracil between 2011 and 2014 were enrolled. De-intensified IMRT consisted in elective neck dose of 43.

Dual Inhibition of Autophagy and PI3K/AKT/MTOR Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Genomic analyses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have highlighted alterations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, presenting a therapeutic target for multiple ongoing clinical trials with PI3K or PI3K/MTOR inhibitors. However, these inhibitors can potentially increase autophagy in HNSCC and indirectly support cancer cell survival. Here, we sought to understand the relationship between the PI3K signaling pathway and autophagy during their dual inhibition in a panel of HNSCC cell lines.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs6942067 Is a Risk Factor in Young and in Non-Smoking Patients with HPV Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Genetic factors behind the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in young non-smokers are suspected, but have not been identified. Recently, rs6942067, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the DCBLD1 gene, was found associated with non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma. To validate if this SNP is also implicated in HNSCC, participants of The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC cohort were investigated for rs6942067 status, associated DCBLD1 expression, and clinical characteristics.

Rapid head and neck tissue identification in thyroid and parathyroid surgery using optical coherence tomography.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that may reproduce the microarchitecture of tissues in real-time. This study examines whether OCT can render distinct images of thyroid, parathyroid glands, adipose tissue, and lymph nodes in both healthy and pathological states.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients undergoing thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and/or neck dissection for thyroid cancer were recruited prospectively for imaging prior to histopathological analysis.

Cystic masses of the lateral neck: Diagnostic value comparison between fine-needle aspiration, core-needle biopsy, and frozen section.

Background: The usefulness of fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core-needle biopsy (CNB), and frozen section (FS) for assessing lateral cystic neck masses (LCNM) remains unclear.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients presenting with a LCNM was undertaken.

Results: In total, 135 patients were included.

Phase I/II trial of Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab and stereotactic body radiotherapy for metastatic head and neck carcinoma.

Background: The efficacy of immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has previously been demonstrated in metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) aims at ablating metastatic lesions and may play a synergistic role with immunotherapy. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of triple treatment combination (TTC) consisting of the administration of durvalumab and tremelimumab in combination with SBRT in metastatic HNSCC.

Effectiveness and Safety of Sclerotherapy for Treatment of Low-Flow Vascular Malformations of the Oropharyngeal Region.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) and bleomycin for treatment of venous malformations (VMs) of the oropharyngeal region.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 33 patients with 46 VMs of the buccal and pharyngolaryngeal cavity associated with impairment of eating, respiration, or elocution was performed. Individual lesions were divided based on their anterior or posterior location, using the base of the tongue as an anatomic landmark.

Decreasing Revision Surgery in FAMM Flap Reconstruction of the Oral Cavity: Traditional Versus Modified Harvesting Technique.

Objective: To compare the surgical and functional outcomes between two harvesting techniques for the inferiorly based facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap for oral cavity and oropharynx reconstructions.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective chart review.

Results: We reviewed 55 cases of FAMM flap, including 29 traditional cases and 26 performed using the modified harvesting method.

Four PTEN-targeting co-expressed miRNAs and ACTN4- targeting miR-548b are independent prognostic biomarkers in human squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value and oncogenic pathways associated to miRNA expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and to link these miRNA candidates with potential gene targets. We performed a miRNA screening within our institutional cohort (n = 58 patients) and reported five prognostic targets including a cluster of four co-expressed miRNAs (miR-18a, miR-92a, miR-103, and miR-205). Multivariate analysis showed that expression of miR-548b (p = 0.

Perioperative practices in thyroid surgery: An international survey.

Background: Perioperative practices in thyroid surgery vary from one specialty, institution, or country to the next. We evaluated the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative practices of thyroid surgeons focusing on preoperative ultrasound, vocal cord evaluation, wound drains, and hospitalization duration, among others.

Methods: A survey was sent to 7 different otolaryngology and endocrine/general surgery associations.

Insights from a Convocation: Integrating Discovery-Based Research into the Undergraduate Curriculum.

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a convocation in 2015 to explore and elucidate opportunities, barriers, and realities of course-based undergraduate research experiences, known as CUREs, as a potentially integral component of undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. This paper summarizes the convocation and resulting report.

Arteriovenous fistulas for microvascular head and neck reconstruction.

Background: In head and neck cancer patients, multiple surgeries and radiation can leave the neck depleted of recipient vessels appropriate for microvascular reconstruction. The creation of temporary arteriovenous fistulas using venous interposition for subsequent microvascular reconstruction has rarely been reported in the head and neck. The authors report the largest series of temporary arteriovenous loops for head and neck reconstruction in vessel-depleted necks.

Voice and Functional Outcomes of Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Early Glottic Cancer: Ventricular Fold Resection as a Surrogate.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes with transoral laser microsurgery (TOLM) of patients with early glottic cancer.

Methods: We have prospectively evaluated patients treated with TOLM for Tis, T1 or T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Evaluation of oncological outcomes, and voice and functional outcomes was assessed using voice-handicap index 10 (VHI-10) and performance status scale for head & neck cancer patients (PSS-H&N).