Myelin basic protein mRNA levels affect myelin sheath dimensions, architecture, plasticity, and density of resident glial cells.

Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) is essential for both elaboration and maintenance of CNS myelin, and its reduced accumulation results in hypomyelination. How different Mbp mRNA levels affect myelin dimensions across the lifespan and how resident glial cells may respond to such changes are unknown. Here, to investigate these questions, we used enhancer-edited mouse lines that accumulate Mbp mRNA levels ranging from 8% to 160% of wild type.

Variable PD-1 glycosylation modulates the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Monoclonal antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint PD-1 have provided significant clinical benefit across a number of solid tumors, with differences in efficacy and toxicity profiles possibly related to their intrinsic molecular properties. Here, we report that camrelizumab and cemiplimab engage PD-1 through interactions with its fucosylated glycan. Using a combination of protein and cell glycoengineering, we demonstrate that the two antibodies bind preferentially to PD-1 with core fucose at the asparagine N58 residue.

A Retrospective Comparison of the Effectiveness of Buprenorphine Versus Baclofen for Acute Opioid Withdrawal.

Background: A significant impediment to opioid cessation or dose reduction is mitigating withdrawal severity that has been shown to affect the course of opioid dependence. Current guidelines recommend the use of buprenorphine and methadone over alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, has promising results as an adjunct agent for opioid withdrawal but has not been compared to buprenorphine.

Warning Signs From the Crypt: Aberrant Protein Glycosylation Marks Opportunities for Early Colorectal Cancer Detection.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths despite being the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer when caught early through screening. There is an unmet need for novel screening approaches with improved accuracy, less invasiveness, and reduced costs. In recent years, evidence has accumulated around particular biological events that happen during the adenoma-to-carcinoma transition, especially focusing on precancerous immune responses in the colonic crypt.

A Comparison of Clinical and Cost Outcomes After Pancreatectomies at a Safety-net Hospital using a National Registry.

Background: Our institution (UFHJ) meets the criteria of both a large, specialized medical center (LSCMC) and a safety-net hospital (AEH). Our aim is to compare pancreatectomy outcomes at UFHJ against other LSCMCs, AEHs, and against institutions that meet criteria for both LSCMC and AEH. In addition, we sought to evaluate differences between LSCMCs and AEHs.

Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Stage at Diagnosis for US Adults with Pancreatic Cancer: a Population-Based Study.

Introduction: We evaluated whether Medicaid expansion is associated with earlier stage at diagnosis for pancreatic cancer taking into account key demographic, clinical, and geographic factors.

Methods: We obtained Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER-18) data on individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2007 to 2016 (< 65 years of age). We defined non-metastatic as either local or regional disease (vs.

An Algorithm Based on a Cable-Nernst Planck Model Predicting Synaptic Activity throughout the Dendritic Arbor with Micron Specificity.

Recent technological advances have enabled the recording of neurons in intact circuits with a high spatial and temporal resolution, creating the need for modeling with the same precision. In particular, the development of ultra-fast two-photon microscopy combined with fluorescence-based genetically-encoded Ca-indicators allows capture of full-dendritic arbor and somatic responses associated with synaptic input and action potential output. The complexity of dendritic arbor structures and distributed patterns of activity over time results in the generation of incredibly rich 4D datasets that are challenging to analyze (Sakaki et al.

Emergency Medical Services Leadership Perspectives on Implementation of Evidence-Based Guidelines: A Qualitative Study.

Prehospital evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) are developed to optimize clinical outcomes for emergency medical services (EMS) patients. However, widespread implementation of EBGs is often inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the baseline knowledge and practices of EMS leaders related to EBG implementation.

Patient Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Saturday Breast Imaging Clinic Utilization.

Objective: To determine patient sociodemographic characteristics associated with breast imaging utilization on Saturdays to inform potential initiatives designed to improve access and reduce disparities in breast cancer care.

Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective cross-sectional study. All adult women (aged ≥18 years) who received a screening or diagnostic examination at our breast imaging facility from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 were included.

Altered adipose tissue macrophage populations in people with HIV on integrase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) extends the life of people with HIV (PWH), but these individuals are at increased risk for obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These comorbidities may be a consequence of HIV-related chronic inflammation and/or adverse effects of ART on tissue regulatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). We sought to determine the effects of HIV/ART on metabolically beneficial ATM populations and functions.

Understanding Health Care Administrators' Data and Information Needs for Decision Making during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study at an Academic Health System.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented strain on the health care system, and administrators had to make many critical decisions to respond appropriately. This study sought to understand how health care administrators used data and information for decision making during the first 6 mo of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted semistructured interviews with administrators across University of Florida (UF) Health.

Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Pancreatic Cancer: An Examination of Sociodemographic Disparity in 1-Year Survival.

Background: This study examined the effect of Medicaid expansion on 1-year survival of pancreatic cancer for nonelderly adults. We further evaluated whether sociodemographic and county characteristics alter the association of Medicaid expansion and 1-year survival.

Study Design: We obtained data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results dataset on individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2007 to 2015.

Long-term survival outcomes of esophageal cancer after minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term overall and disease-free survival and factors associated with overall survival in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing a totally minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MILE) at a safety-net hospital.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent MILE from September 2013 to November 2017. Overall and disease-free survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimates, and hazard ratios (HR) were derived from multivariable Cox regression models.

Reoperative Surgery After Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing reoperations following minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and associated mortality and hospital costs.

Materials And Methods: Between 2013 and 2018, 125 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes included reoperations, mortality, and hospital costs.

Indocyanine green perfusion assessment of the gastric conduit in minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.

Background: Anastomotic leak is a serious complication following esophagectomy. The aim of the study was to report our experience with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA)-PINPOINT® assisted minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MILE) and assess factors associated with anastomotic leak.

Methods: We reviewed consecutive patients undergoing MILE from 2013 to 2018.

Improved Quality of Care and Efficiency Do Not Always Mean Cost Recovery After Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the financial impact of clinical complications and outcomes after minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MILE) at a safety-net hospital.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing MILE from 2013 to 2018. Postoperative complications were classified by Clavien-Dindo grade and associated total and direct recovered costs were assessed.

An explainable deep-learning algorithm for the detection of acute intracranial haemorrhage from small datasets.

Owing to improvements in image recognition via deep learning, machine-learning algorithms could eventually be applied to automated medical diagnoses that can guide clinical decision-making. However, these algorithms remain a 'black box' in terms of how they generate the predictions from the input data. Also, high-performance deep learning requires large, high-quality training datasets.

Automating Event-detection of Brain Neuron Synaptic Activity and Action Potential Firing in vivo using a Random-access Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscope for Real-time Analysis.

Determining how a neuron computes requires an understanding of the complex spatiotemporal relationship between its input (e.g. synaptic input as a result of external stimuli) and action potential output.

The First 100 nm Inside the Pre-synaptic Terminal Where Calcium Diffusion Triggers Vesicular Release.

Calcium diffusion in the thin 100 nm layer located between the plasma membrane and docked vesicles in the pre-synaptic terminal of neuronal cells mediates vesicular fusion and synaptic transmission. Accounting for the narrow-cusp geometry located underneath the vesicle is a key ingredient that defines the probability and the time scale of calcium diffusion to bind calcium sensors for the initiation of vesicular release. We review here the time scale, the calcium binding dynamics and the consequences for asynchronous versus synchronous release.

Impact of Delayed Time to Advanced Imaging on Missed Appointments Across Different Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of wait days (WDs) on missed outpatient MRI appointments across different demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective study was conducted among adult patients scheduled for outpatient MRI during a 12-month period. Scheduling data and demographic information were obtained.

Predicting No-Shows in Radiology Using Regression Modeling of Data Available in the Electronic Medical Record.

Purpose: To test whether data elements available in the electronic medical record (EMR) can be effectively leveraged to predict failure to attend a scheduled radiology examination.

Materials And Methods: Using data from a large academic medical center, we identified all patients with a diagnostic imaging examination scheduled from January 1, 2016, to April 1, 2016, and determined whether the patient successfully attended the examination. Demographic, clinical, and health services utilization variables available in the EMR potentially relevant to examination attendance were recorded for each patient.

Text Message Reminders Reduce Outpatient Radiology No-Shows But Do Not Improve Arrival Punctuality.

Purpose: To assess whether text-based appointment reminders are a cost-effective strategy to decrease patient no-shows and improve arrival punctuality in the setting of outpatient radiology imaging.

Methods And Materials: From July 2016 through October 2016, all patients scheduled for MRI imaging at two outpatient locations were randomly assigned to a texting or nontexting arm based on the day. On texting days, patients scheduled for MRI received both the traditional phone call reminder as well as a text-based reminder of their MRI examination.

Hybrid Markov-mass action law model for cell activation by rare binding events: Application to calcium induced vesicular release at neuronal synapses.

Binding of molecules, ions or proteins to small target sites is a generic step of cell activation. This process relies on rare stochastic events where a particle located in a large bulk has to find small and often hidden targets. We present here a hybrid discrete-continuum model that takes into account a stochastic regime governed by rare events and a continuous regime in the bulk.

[Assessing and making safe the medicine use pathway in paediatrics].

Based on an assessment of adverse events in a follow-up care and rehabilitation unit in paediatrics, audits were carried out of the medicine use pathway. The evaluation grid taken from this study today serves as a basis for the audits carried out on the medicine use pathway on a national level.

Robust network oscillations during mammalian respiratory rhythm generation driven by synaptic dynamics.

How might synaptic dynamics generate synchronous oscillations in neuronal networks? We address this question in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), a brainstem neural network that paces robust, yet labile, inspiration in mammals. The preBötC is composed of a few hundred neurons that alternate bursting activity with silent periods, but the mechanism underlying this vital rhythm remains elusive. Using a computational approach to model a randomly connected neuronal network that relies on short-term synaptic facilitation (SF) and depression (SD), we show that synaptic fluctuations can initiate population activities through recurrent excitation.