Vineyard management systems influence arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi recruitment by grapevine rootstocks in New Zealand.

Aims: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can perform significant functions within sustainable agricultural ecosystems, including vineyards. Increased AMF diversity can be beneficial in promoting plant growth and increasing resilience to environmental changes. To effectively utilize AMF communities and their benefits in vineyard ecosystems, a better understanding of how management systems influence AMF community composition is needed.

Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Differentially Affect Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Grapevine Rootstocks.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) deliver potentially significant services in sustainable agricultural ecosystems, yet we still lack evidence showing how AMF abundance and/or community composition can benefit crops. In this study, we manipulated AMF communities in grapevine rootstock and measured plant growth and physiological responses. Glasshouse experiments were set up to determine the interaction between rootstock variety and different AMF communities, using AMF communities originating under their own (i.

Factors influencing successful establishment of exotic seedlings with co-introduced or local ectomycorrhizal fungal communities.

An introduction of exotic or non-native trees may fail due to a lack of suitable fungal partners. We planted exotic in Xifeng, Guizhou Southwest China. Strategies to introduce seedlings either colonized with an ectomycorrhizal fungus (EcMF), , or expect them to form familiar/new associations with local EcMF in a new habitat were studied to know how could be successfully established over a period of 2.

Ectomycorrhizal synthesis between two Tuber species and six tree species: are different host-fungus combinations having dissimilar impacts on host plant growth?

Truffle cultivation has drawn more and more attention for its high economic and ecological values in the world. To select symbionts suitable for cultivation purposes, we conducted greenhouse-based mycorrhization trials of two Tuber species (T. formosanum and T.

AMF Community Diversity Promotes Grapevine Growth Parameters under High Black Foot Disease Pressure.

Black foot disease is one of the main grapevine root diseases observed worldwide and is especially problematic in New Zealand. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to reduce infection and mitigate the effect of black foot disease on grapevine rootstocks. In contrast to prior studies, which have limited their focus to the effect of one, two or a combination of only a small number of AMF species, this study used whole AMF communities identified from 101-14, 5C and Schwarzmann rootstocks sampled from New Zealand vineyards.

Mycorrhizal synthesis of with seven broad-leaved trees and .

Truffle cultivation is successfully applied throughout the world for several truffles of European origin. However, just two Chinese black truffles ( and ) have been cultivated with a favorable outcome so far. is a black truffle of significant economic relevance in China, but little is known about its mycorrhizal ecology and it is not cultivated in orchards yet.

Grapevine rootstocks drive the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand vineyards.

Aim: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often regarded as non-specific symbionts, but some AMF communities show host preference in various ecosystems including vineyards. Grapevine plants are very responsive to AMF colonization. Although these fungi have potentially significant applications for sustainable agricultural ecosystems, there is a gap in knowledge regarding AMF-grapevine interactions worldwide and especially in New Zealand.

Successes and challenges in the sustainable cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi - furthering the dream.

The cultivation of edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) has made great progress since the first cultivation of in 1977 but remains in its infancy. Five cultivation steps are required: (1) mycorrhizal synthesis, (2) mycorrhiza development and acclimation, (3) out-planting of mycorrhizal seedlings, (4) onset of fructification, and (5) performing tree orchards. We provide examples of successes and challenges associated with each step, including fruiting of the prestigious chanterelles in Japan recently.

, a new edible bolete from China, is associated with insects and plants.

is described as new based on collections from southwest China. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and portions of nuclear 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (), and the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II () support as a novel species in the genus (Boletinellaceae, Boletales).

The European delicacy Tuber melanosporum forms mycorrhizae with some indigenous Chinese Quercus species and promotes growth of the oak seedlings.

We aimed to test whether Tuber melanosporum and native Chinese oak species could form stable mycorrhizal symbioses. Six oak species were all either inoculated or not, with spores of the Périgord black truffle in the greenhouse. Ectomycorrhizal development was monitored for up to 32 months.

Lactarius deliciosus and Pinus radiata in New Zealand: towards the development of innovative gourmet mushroom orchards.

The cultivation of Lactarius deliciosus (saffron milk cap) in New Zealand began in 2002 when fruiting bodies were produced in an Otago plantation of Pinus radiata seedlings artificially mycorrhized by L. deliciosus. In 2007, 42 P.

Detection of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus Lyophyllum shimeji colonising seedlings of cultivated conifer species in New Zealand.

Lyophyllum shimeji is an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus that is widely distributed in East Asia and also present in the northern regions of Europe. In Japan, L. shimeji is a culinary delicacy, considered amongst all edible mushrooms to have the best taste and to be second only to Tricholoma matsutake in price.

Mycorrhiza analyses in New Zealand truffières reveal frequent but variable persistence of Tuber melanosporum in co-existence with other truffle species.

This study compiles the results from an examination of mycorrhizae on root samples from Tuber melanosporum truffières in New Zealand. Samples were taken over 5 years from 328 trees in 43 truffières established with nursery-inoculated trees. Mycorrhizae were analysed using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques, focusing on the identification of Tuber species.

Traceability of marketable Japanese shoro in New Zealand: using multiplex PCR to exploit phylogeographic variation among taxa in the Rhizopogon subgenus Roseoli.

Rhizopogon roseolus Corda (synonym Rhizopogon rubescens Tul.), an economically important edible mushroom associated with the Pinaceae (mostly Pinus sp.), has a global distribution resulting from the introduction of exotic trees into the Southern Hemisphere for plantation forestry.

Successful inoculation of mature pine with Tricholoma matsutake.

Our finding demonstrates, for the first time, that the roots of mature pine trees can be successfully inoculated with a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus, the valuable matsutake mushroom. Long root segments (ca. 5-10 mm in diameter, ca.

The mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake stimulates Pinus densiflora seedling growth in vitro.

While it has been suggested that Matsutake mycorrhizae might not be functional and that Matsutake may behave as a saprobic fungus in soil or even have some pathogenic activity on seedlings, we investigated the consequences of Matsutake inoculation on Pinus densiflora growth. Seventy-five days after inoculation, hyphae were anchored on short roots and well-developed Hartig net palmettis were observed. Compared to both control treatments--seedlings treated with distilled water and seedlings treated with autoclaved mycelium--inoculation significantly stimulated seedling total dry weight by 70.

Development of microsatellite markers from an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma matsutake, by an ISSR-suppression-PCR method.

An inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-suppression-PCR technique established to develop microsatellite markers of plant species was applied to an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma matsutake. Six polymorphic SSR markers were developed. All six polymorphic SSR markers were single-locused and co-dominant.

The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Lactarius deliciosus and Pinus sylvestris in forest soil samples: symbiotic efficiency and development on roots of a rDNA internal transcribed spacer-selected isolate of L. deliciosus.

The effect on plant growth of pre-inoculation of Pinus sylvestris with the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) edible basidiomycete Lactarius deliciosus (isolate D45) under controlled conditions, and the development on roots of this basidiomycete, were investigated in gamma-irradiated and unsterilized containers containing different forest soil cores or a perlite-vermiculite mixture. Five months after planting, L. deliciosus mycorrhizal plants exhibited greater growth than the non-mycorrhizal ones in all soil types, i.

Saprobic potential of Tricholoma matsutake: growth over pine bark treated with surfactants.

Saprotrophic growth of Tricholoma matsutake isolates was investigated over Pinus densiflora bark fragments either on soil or on agar media. Preferential colonization of pine bark fragments by hyphae, in glucose-deprived environments suggested that Matsutake was able to extract some nutrients to sustain its growth. This was confirmed in glucose-free liquid nutrient medium, where bark as sole carbon source significantly stimulated (up to two-fold) growth of T.

Effects of experimental conditions on mycorrhizal relationships between Pinus sylvestris and Lactarius deliciosus and unprecedented fruit-body formation of the Saffron milk cap under controlled soilless conditions.

The mycorrhizal relationships between pines and two edible species of Lactarius sect. Dapetes were investigated by optimizing the experimental conditions of mycelial growth and of mycorrhizal colonization of pine seedlings. In vitro mycelial growth of Lactarius deliciosus and L.