Increasing plant protein in the diet induces changes in the plasma metabolome that may be beneficial for metabolic health. A randomized crossover study in males.

Background & Aim: Dietary shifts replacing animal protein (AP) with plant protein (PP) sources have been associated with lowering cardiometabolic risk (CMR), but underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. This nutritional intervention aims to characterize the metabolic changes induced by diets containing different proportions of AP and PP sources in males at CMR.

Design: This study is a 4-week, crossover, randomized, controlled-feeding trial in which 19 males with CMR followed two diets providing either 36 % for the control diet (CON-D) or 64 % for the flexitarian diet (FLEX-D) of total protein intake from PP sources.

Circulating Amino Acid Concentration after the Consumption of Pea or Whey Proteins in Young and Older Adults Affects Protein Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes.

As older adults tend to reduce their intake of animal-source proteins, plant-source proteins may offer valuable resources for better protein intake. The aim of this study was to assess whether the pea proteins can be used to achieve blood amino acid levels that stimulate muscle protein synthesis. We measured variations in plasma amino acid concentrations in young and older adults given pea (NUTRALYS S85 Plus) or whey proteins either alone or in a standardized meal.

Efficacy of Pea Protein Supplementation in Combination with a Resistance Training Program on Muscle Performance in a Sedentary Adult Population: A Randomized, Comparator-Controlled, Parallel Clinical Trial.

Animal-sourced whey protein (WPr) is the most popular protein supplement among consumers and has been shown to improve muscle mass and strength. However, due to allergies, dietary restrictions/personal choices, and growing demand, alternative protein sources are warranted. Sedentary adults were randomized to pea protein (PPr) or WPr in combination with a weekly resistance training program for 84 days.

Values for the Digestibility of Pea Protein Isolate or Casein Amino Acids Determined using the Dual Isotope Method Are Not Similar to Those Derived with the Standard Ileal Balance Method in Healthy Volunteers.

Background: The measurement of ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility is invasive and inappropriate when applied to vulnerable populations. The dual isotope method has been developed over the past 5 y as an alternative method.

Objective: The aim of this work was to compare the indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility values of 2 different proteins obtained using the dual isotope and the standard ileal balance methods in the same subjects.

Improvement of energy metabolism associated with NUTRIOSE® soluble fiber, a dietary ingredient exhibiting prebiotic properties, requires intestinal gluconeogenesis.

While the prevalence of obesity progresses worldwide, the consumption of sugars and dietary fiber increases and decreases, respectively. In this context, NUTRIOSE® soluble fiber is a plant-based food ingredient with beneficial effects in Humans. Here, we studied in mice the mechanisms involved, particularly the involvement of intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), the essential function in the beneficial effects of dietary fibers.

Compared with Milk Protein, a Wheat and Pea Protein Blend Reduces High-Fat, High-Sucrose Induced Metabolic Dysregulations while Similarly Supporting Tissue Protein Anabolism in Rats.

Background: Plant proteins (PPs) have been associated with better cardiovascular health than animal proteins (APs) in epidemiological studies. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain mostly unknown.

Objectives: Using a combination of cutting-edge isotopic methods, we aimed to better characterize the differences in protein and energy metabolisms induced by dietary protein sources (PP compared with AP) in a prudent or western dietary context.

Caecal digestibility as an approximation of ileal protein digestibility evaluation in rats.

The rat model can be used to assess ileal protein digestibility rapidly and in first intention, but no standardised method exists. Our objective was to compare methods to assess protein digestibility, depending on collection site (ileum/caecum) and use of a non-absorbable marker. A meal containing either casein, gluten or pea protein and chromium oxide as non-absorbable marker was given to male Wistar rats and the entire digestive content was collected 6 h later.

Effect of Resistant Dextrin on Intestinal Gas Homeostasis and Microbiota.

Previous studies have shown that a resistant dextrin soluble fibre has prebiotic properties with related health benefits on blood glucose management and satiety. Our aim was to demonstrate the effects of continuous administration of resistant dextrin on intestinal gas production, digestive sensations, and gut microbiota metabolism and composition. Healthy subjects ( = 20) were given resistant dextrin (14 g/d NUTRIOSE, Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France) for four weeks.

Real ileal amino acid digestibility of pea protein compared to casein in healthy humans: a randomized trial.

Background: It is necessary to propose plant alternatives to animal proteins that are of good nutritional quality. Pea is a good candidate owing to its high protein content and its well-balanced amino acid (AA) profile.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real ileal AA and nitrogen digestibility (RIDAA and RIDN) of pea protein isolate as compared to milk casein in humans.

Impact of dietary supplementation with resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE) on satiety, glycaemia, and related endpoints, in healthy adults.

Purpose: Resistant dextrin (RD) supplementation has been shown to alter satiety, glycaemia, and body weight, in overweight Chinese men; however, there are limited data on its effects in other demographic groups. Here, we investigated the effects of RD on satiety in healthy adults living in the United Kingdom.

Methods: 20 normal weight and 16 overweight adults completed this randomised controlled cross-over study.

Co-ingestion of NUTRALYS pea protein and a high-carbohydrate beverage influences the glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses: preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: Plant-based proteins may have the potential to improve glycaemic and gastrointestinal hormone responses to foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two doses of pea protein on postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response following a high-carbohydrate beverage intake in healthy individuals.

Methods: In a single-blind, randomised, controlled, repeat measure, crossover design trial, thirty-one participants were randomly assigned to ingest 50 g glucose (Control), 50 g glucose with 25 g pea protein (Test 1) and 50 g glucose with 50 g pea protein (Test 2) on three separate days.

Explorative Screening of Bioactivities Generated by Plant-Based Proteins after In Vitro Static Gastrointestinal Digestion.

The gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins can generate peptides with a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we screened various potential bioactivities generated by plant-based proteins. Whey protein as an animal protein reference, five grades of pea protein, two grades of wheat protein, and potato, fava bean, and oat proteins were submitted to in vitro SGID.

Effects of Whey and Pea Protein Supplementation on Post-Eccentric Exercise Muscle Damage: A Randomized Trial.

This randomized trial compared pea protein, whey protein, and water-only supplementation on muscle damage, inflammation, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and physical fitness test performance during a 5-day period after a 90-min eccentric exercise bout in non-athletic non-obese males ( = 92, ages 18-55 years). The two protein sources (0.9 g protein/kg divided into three doses/day) were administered under double blind procedures.

Multi-criteria assessment of pea protein quality in rats: a comparison between casein, gluten and pea protein alone or supplemented with methionine.

The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional quality of pea protein isolate in rats and to evaluate the impact of methionine (Met) supplementation. Several protein diets were studied: pea protein, casein, gluten, pea protein-gluten combination and pea protein supplemented with Met. Study 1: Young male Wistar rats (n 8/group) were fed the test diets ad libitum for 28 d.

A pilot investigation to optimise methods for a future satiety preload study.

Background: Preload studies are used to investigate the satiating effects of foods and food ingredients. However, the design of preload studies is complex, with many methodological considerations influencing appetite responses. The aim of this pilot investigation was to determine acceptability, and optimise methods, for a future satiety preload study.

Benefits of Preventive Administration of Chlorella sp. on Visceral Pain and Cystitis Induced by a Single Administration of Cyclophosphamide in Female Wistar Rat.

Chlorella sp. is a green microalgae containing nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and chlorophyll. In some communities, Chlorella sp.

Evaluation of adherence by elderly nursing home patients to regular consumption of apple compote enriched with protein and soluble fiber.

Background: An increase in daily doses of protein and fiber for the elderly is relevant in preventing sarcopenia and preserving intestinal balance. However, such intake of supplements is often compromised by the lack of adherence among the elderly.

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the perception of the hedonic qualities of compote enriched with NUTRALYS(®) pea protein, NUTRALYS(®)W hydrolyzed wheat gluten and NUTRIOSE(®) soluble fiber and the changes in that perception due to repeated consumption.

A prebiotic fiber increases the formation and subsequent absorption of compound K following oral administration of ginseng in rats.

Background: Gut microflora play a crucial role in the biotransformation of ginsenosides to compound K (CK), which may affect the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Prebiotics, such as NUTRIOSE, could enhance the formation and consequent absorption of CK through the modulation of gut microbial metabolic activities. In this study, the effect of a prebiotic fiber (NUTRIOSE) on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside CK, a bioactive metabolite of ginsenosides, and its mechanism of action were investigated.

Evaluation of soluble corn fiber on chemical composition and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy and its effects on in vitro fermentation and in vivo responses in dogs.

Dietary fermentable fiber is known to benefit intestinal health of companion animals. Soluble corn fiber (SCF) was evaluated for its chemical composition, nitrogen-corrected true ME (TMEn) content, in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics, and in vivo effects on nutrient digestibility, fecal fermentation end products, and modulation of the fecal microbiome of dogs. Soluble corn fiber contained 78% total dietary fiber, all present as soluble dietary fiber; 56% was low molecular weight soluble fiber (did not precipitate in 95% ethanol).

Intrinsic immunomodulatory effects of low-digestible carbohydrates selectively extend their anti-inflammatory prebiotic potentials.

The beneficial effects of carbohydrate-derived fibers are mainly attributed to modulation of the microbiota, increased colonic fermentation, and the production of short-chain fatty acids. We studied the direct immune responses to alimentary fibers in in vitro and in vivo models. Firstly, we evaluated the immunomodulation induced by nine different types of low-digestible fibers on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

NUTRALYS(®) pea protein: characterization of in vitro gastric digestion and in vivo gastrointestinal peptide responses relevant to satiety.

Background: Pea protein (from Pisum sativum) is under consideration as a sustainable, satiety-inducing food ingredient.

Objective: In the current study, pea-protein-induced physiological signals relevant to satiety were characterized in vitro via gastric digestion kinetics and in vivo by monitoring post-meal gastrointestinal hormonal responses in rats.

Design: Under in vitro simulated gastric conditions, the digestion of NUTRALYS(®) pea protein was compared to that of two dairy proteins, slow-digestible casein and fast-digestible whey.

Potential anti-obesogenic properties of non-digestible carbohydrates: specific focus on resistant dextrin.

Alterations in the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota appear to contribute to the development of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. However, the extent of this relationship remains unknown. Modulating the gut microbiota with non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) may exert anti-obesogenic effects through various metabolic pathways including changes to appetite regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Pea proteins oral supplementation promotes muscle thickness gains during resistance training: a double-blind, randomized, Placebo-controlled clinical trial vs. Whey protein.

Background: The effects of protein supplementation on muscle thickness and strength seem largely dependent on its composition. The current study aimed at comparing the impact of an oral supplementation with vegetable Pea protein (NUTRALYS®) vs. Whey protein and Placebo on biceps brachii muscle thickness and strength after a 12-week resistance training program.