Low-pressure support vs automatic tube compensation during spontaneous breathing trial for weaning.

Background: During spontaneous breathing trial, low-pressure support is thought to compensate for endotracheal tube resistance, but it actually should provide overassistance. Automatic tube compensation is an option available in the ventilator to compensate for flow-resistance of endotracheal tube. Its effects on patient effort have been poorly investigated.

Benzalkonium chloride-induced direct and indirect toxicity on corneal epithelial and trigeminal neuronal cells: proinflammatory and apoptotic responses in vitro.

Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a quaternary ammonium compound widely used as disinfecting agent as well as preservative in eye drops is known to induce toxic effects on the ocular surface with inflammation and corneal nerve damage leading to dry eye disease (DED) in the medium-to-long term. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the toxicity of a conditioned medium produced by corneal epithelial cells previously exposed to BAK (BAK-CM) on trigeminal neuronal cells. A human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line was exposed to 5.

Palm seed and fruit lipid composition: phylogenetic and ecological perspectives.

Background And Aims: Palms are vital to worldwide human nutrition, in particular as major sources of vegetable oils. However, our knowledge of seed and fruit lipid diversity in the family Arecaceae is limited. We therefore aimed to explore relationships between seed and fruit lipid content, fatty acid composition in the respective tissues, phylogenetic factors and biogeographical parameters.

Changes in Microbiota and Bacterial Protein Caseinolytic Peptidase B During Food Restriction in Mice: Relevance for the Onset and Perpetuation of Anorexia Nervosa.

Microbiota contributes to the regulation of eating behavior and might be implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. ClpB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein produced mainly by the family has been identified as a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, which could result in similar anorexigenic effects. The aim of this study was to highlight the role of the microbiome and the ClpB protein in deregulation and self-maintenance of anorexia pathology.

Examination of a day programme for eating disorders: impact on 3-month follow-up by psychiatric comorbidity.

Objective: The two aims of this preliminary investigation were to use a case series design to examine outcomes of a day programme (DP) for eating disorders and to investigate whether the presence of baseline psychiatric comorbidities moderated outcomes 3 months after discharge.

Method: Linear mixed modelling was used to investigate changes over time in the 91 participants who had commenced the DP by April 2019; 87 (96%) female, 61 (67%) with a DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

Results: Six of our seven outcome variables (dietary restraint; concern over weight, eating and shape; clinical impairment; and psychological distress) showed moderate to large effect size improvements from baseline to follow-up.

Voxel-wise assessment of lung aeration changes on CT images using image registration: application to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Purpose: (1) To improve the accuracy of global and regional alveolar-recruitment quantification in CT scan pairs by accounting for lung-tissue displacements and deformation, (2) To propose a method for local-recruitment calculation.

Methods: Recruitment was calculated by subtracting the quantity of non-aerated lung tissues between expiration and inspiration. To assess global recruitment, lung boundaries were first interactively delineated at inspiration, and then they were warped based on automatic image registration to define the boundaries at expiration.

Effects of Macronutrients on the In Vitro Production of ClpB, a Bacterial Mimetic Protein of α-MSH and Its Possible Role in Satiety Signaling.

Gut microbiota can influence the feeding behavior of the host, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Recently, caseinolytic protease B (ClpB), a disaggregation chaperon protein of , was identified as a conformational mimetic of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide. Importantly, ClpB was necessary for to have an anorexigenic effect in mice, suggesting that it may participate in satiety signaling.

Exploring Listeria monocytogenes Transcriptomes in Correlation with Divergence of Lineages and Virulence as Measured in Galleria mellonella.

As for many opportunistic pathogens, the virulence potential of is highly heterogeneous between isolates and correlated, to some extent, with phylogeny and gene repertoires. In sharp contrast with copious data on intraspecies genome diversity, little is known about transcriptome diversity despite the role of complex genetic regulation in pathogenicity. The current study implemented RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptome profiles of 33 isolates under optimal growth conditions.

Targeted Studies Using Serial Block Face and Focused Ion Beam Scan Electron Microscopy.

This protocol allows for the efficient and effective imaging of cell or tissue samples in three dimensions at the resolution level of electron microscopy. For many years electron microscopy (EM) has remained an inherently two-dimensional technique. With the advent of serial scanning electron microscope imaging techniques (volume EM), using either an integrated microtome or focused ion beam to slice then view embedded tissues, the third dimension becomes easily accessible.

What do adult outpatients included in clinical trials know about the investigational drugs being assessed: A cross-sectional study in France.

This study aimed to assess patient investigational medication knowledge and to identify factors associated with medication understanding by adult outpatients included in clinical trials. A cross-sectional prospectively designed survey was conducted on consecutive volunteers at 21 university teaching hospitals (in France) from February to December 2014. Investigational medication understanding was assessed at the time of the first dispensing using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire based on information obtained from the literature that provided an 8-point score.

High-flow nasal oxygen therapy alone or with non-invasive ventilation in immunocompromised patients admitted to ICU for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the randomised multicentre controlled FLORALI-IM protocol.

Introduction: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended as first-line therapy in respiratory failure of critically ill immunocompromised patients as it can decrease intubation and mortality rates as compared with standard oxygen. However, its recommendation is only conditional. Indeed, the use of NIV in this setting has been challenged recently based on results of trials finding similar outcomes with or without NIV or even deleterious effects of NIV.

Correlates of Work-Study Conflict among International Students in Australia: A Multivariate Analysis.

International students represent an increasingly large segment of the Australian workforce. Most international students are working while studying, but there is a scarcity of quantitative data regarding potential work-study conflicts. Data from an online survey were analyzed with multivariate statistical methods to clarify the risk factors associated with perceived work-study conflicts in an Australian university.

Combining serial block face and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy for 3D studies of rare events.

Volume electron microscopy allows for the automated acquisition of serial-section imaging data that can be reconstructed in three-dimensions (3D) to provide a detailed, geometrically accurate view of cellular ultrastructure. Two, volume electron microscopy (EM) techniques, serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), use a similar slice-and-view approach but differ in their fields of view and 3D resolution. This chapter highlights a workflow where the ability of SBF-SEM to image a large field of view is combined with the precise sectioning capability of FIB-SEM to first locate a rare cellular event in a large tissue volume and then inspect the event with higher resolution.

Serial block face-scanning electron microscopy for volume electron microscopy.

There are different technologies that can be used to obtain a 3D image at nanometer resolution. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in applying Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) in different fields of life science research. This technology has the advantage that it can cover a range of volumes, going from monolayers to multiple tissue layers in all three dimensions.

Predicting the Impact of Diffuse Alveolar Damage through Open Lung Biopsy in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-The PREDATOR Study.

The aim of this retrospective and international study is to identify those clinical variables associated with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and to explore the impact of DAD on hospital mortality risk. Inclusion criteria were: adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing open lung biopsy (OLB) during their intensive care unit (ICU) management. The main end-points were: DAD and hospital mortality.

Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Fifteen recommendations and a therapeutic algorithm regarding the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) at the early phase in adults are proposed. The Grade of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology has been followed. Four recommendations (low tidal volume, plateau pressure limitation, no oscillatory ventilation, and prone position) had a high level of proof (GRADE 1 + or 1 -); four (high positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] in moderate and severe ARDS, muscle relaxants, recruitment maneuvers, and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) a low level of proof (GRADE 2 + or 2 -); seven (surveillance, tidal volume for non ARDS mechanically ventilated patients, tidal volume limitation in the presence of low plateau pressure, PEEP > 5 cmH2O, high PEEP in the absence of deleterious effect, pressure mode allowing spontaneous ventilation after the acute phase, and nitric oxide) corresponded to a level of proof that did not allow use of the GRADE classification and were expert opinions.

Impact of a qSOFA-based triage procedure on antibiotic timing in ED patients with sepsis: A prospective interventional study.

Background: It has not been investigated whether the quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (qSOFA), a new bedside tool for early sepsis detection, may help accelerating antibiotic initiation in ED patients with sepsis.

Methods: In this prospective pre/post quasi-experimental single-ED study, patients admitted with a suspected bacterial infection were managed using standard triage procedures only (baseline) or in association with qSOFA (intervention, with prioritization of patients with a qSOFA ≥ 2).

Results: A total of 151/328 (46.

Optimisation of imaging flow cytometry for the analysis of single extracellular vesicles by using fluorescence-tagged vesicles as biological reference material.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate targeted cellular interactions in normal and pathophysiological conditions and are increasingly recognised as potential biomarkers, therapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles. Based on their size and biogenesis, EVs are classified as exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Due to overlapping size ranges and the lack of specific markers, these classes cannot yet be distinguished experimentally.

Actin filaments regulate microtubule growth at the centrosome.

The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing centre. It also organizes a local network of actin filaments. However, the precise function of the actin network at the centrosome is not well understood.

Human Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Express Intracellular CD133 that Modulates their Vasculogenic Properties.

Stem cells at the origin of endothelial progenitor cells and in particular endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) subtype have been largely supposed to be positive for the CD133 antigen, even though no clear correlation has been established between its expression and function in ECFCs. We postulated that CD133 in ECFCs might be expressed intracellularly, and could participate to vasculogenic properties. ECFCs extracted from cord blood were used either fresh (n = 4) or frozen (n = 4), at culture days <30, to investigate the intracellular presence of CD133 by flow cytometry and confocal analysis.