Investigating the cost and efficiency of incident reporting in a specialist paediatric NHS hospital and impact on patient safety.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incident reporting process (IR1s), to calculate the costs of reporting incidents in this context and to gain an indication of how economic the process was and whether it could be improved to yield better outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a sample, 10.47% (n=150) selected from 1432 medication incident report summaries, generated at Birmingham Children's Hospital, a specialist tertiary referral paediatric centre, during 2014 and collated through the national Datix incident reporting system software was analysed and the associated staff time required to complete each step of the incident reporting process was costed.

Heat-resistance of psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus vegetative cells.

Spores of psychrotolerant strains of the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus can multiply during storage of cooked or pasteurized, refrigerated foods and can represent a risk if these cells are not eliminated during reheating of food product before consumption. We determined the heat-resistance of psychrotolerant B. cereus vegetative cells at different heating temperatures in laboratory medium and compared it with that of thermotolerant B.

Health Care Resource Utilization and Costs in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Better Adherence to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Increased Molecular Monitoring Frequency.

Background: Frequent molecular monitoring (qPCR tests), as recommended by evidence-based monitoring guidelines, is associated with higher adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); both factors have been associated with better clinical and economic outcomes.

Objectives: To (a) estimate the effect of more frequent qPCR tests on health care resource utilization (HRU) and associated costs, including direct (effect of qPCR test frequency on HRU) and indirect (through TKI adherence) effects, and (b) develop an economic model applicable to multiple clinical practice scenarios.

Methods: Adult patients newly diagnosed with CML who started TKI firstline therapy were identified from U.

Cardiovascular event risk assessment in psoriasis patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors versus methotrexate.

Background: Psoriasis is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To compare major cardiovascular event risk in psoriasis patients receiving methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi) and to assess TNFi treatment duration impact on major cardiovascular event risk.

Methods: Adult psoriasis patients with ≥2 TNFi or methotrexate prescriptions in the Truven MarketScan Databases (Q1 2000-Q3 2011) were classified as TNFi or methotrexate users.

Readmission Risk in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: Comparative Study of Nebulized β-Agonists.

Background: Bronchodilators are used for managing the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and minimizing the risk of hospitalization and readmission. Hospital readmission is predictive of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: The study objective was to compare all-cause readmission risk in COPD patients receiving nebulized long-acting β-agonists (neb-LABAs) versus nebulized short-acting β-agonists (neb-SABA) following COPD-related hospitalization discharge.

Nilotinib versus dasatinib as second-line therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on real-world data.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of second-line nilotinib vs dasatinib among patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (Ph+ CML-CP) who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib, from a US third-party perspective.

Methods: A lifetime partitioned survival model was developed to compare the costs and effectiveness of nilotinib vs dasatinib, which included four health states: CP on treatment, CP post-discontinuation, progressive disease (accelerated phase [AP] or blast crisis [BC]), and death. Time on treatment, progression-free survival, and overall survival of nilotinib and dasatinib were estimated using real-world comparative effectiveness data.

Publications presenting negative impacts of pharmacists.

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the rate of publications with at least one indicator of the negative impact of clinical pharmaceutics activity.

Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective literature review. A literature search was conducted using Pubmed.

Healthcare resource utilization, healthcare costs and dose escalation in psoriasis patients initiated on ustekinumab versus adalimumab: a retrospective claim study.

Background: Adalimumab and ustekinumab are effective psoriasis treatments. This study compares healthcare resource utilization (HRU), costs and dose escalation and describes starting dose trends in ustekinumab versus adalimumab psoriasis patients.

Methods: Adult psoriasis patients initiating adalimumab/ustekinumab on/after 25 September 2009 were selected from a US claims database and classified into biologic-naïve and biologic-experienced samples.

[A pilot study of the professional ethical thinking of Quebec hospital pharmacists and pharmacy students].

Objective: The main objective was to assess the position of Quebec pharmaceutical community about pharmaceutical ethics statements. The second objective was to compare the level of agreement of pharmacy students and hospitals pharmacists.

Method: Survey conducted one day given in 2012 and 2013 for students in 2013 and from 29/08/2014 to 02/09/2014 for pharmacists.

Treatment patterns and healthcare costs among newly-diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving dasatinib or nilotinib as first-line therapy in the United States.

Objective: To compare treatment patterns and economic outcomes of dasatinib and nilotinib as 1st-line therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

Methods: Adult CML patients initiated on first-line dasatinib or nilotinib in 2010-2014 were identified from two large US administrative claims databases. Treatment patterns, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) adherence and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs were measured from the 1st-line TKI initiation (index date) to the end of follow-up.

The economic burden of common adverse events associated with metastatic colorectal cancer treatment in the United States.

Aims: Adverse events (AEs) associated with treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) may compromise the course of treatment, impact quality-of-life, and increase healthcare resource utilization. This study assessed the direct healthcare costs of common AEs among mCRC patients in the US.

Methods: Adult mCRC patients treated with chemotherapy or targeted therapies were identified from administrative claims databases (2009-2014).

Five-year direct costs of acute lymphoblastic leukemia pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant.

Aim: To assess the 5-year healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and direct payer costs following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia pediatric patients using data from two large US administrative databases.

Patients & Methods: Among the 209 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, HRU and costs were described over the up to 5 years after the HSCT.

Results: HRU and costs following the HSCTs were substantial.

Combined effect of anaerobiosis, low pH and cold temperatures on the growth capacities of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus.

Psychrotrophic strains of the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus can multiply during the refrigerated storage of food products. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of anaerobiosis on the growth of two psychrotrophic B. cereus strains exposed to acidic pH at a cold temperature in a laboratory medium.

[Drugs and pregnancy: A survey of 374 women in France].

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe drug use during pregnancy in a context of acute and chronic diseases during pregnancy. An additional aim was to analyze the maternal socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with medication use in pregnancy.

Methods: Cross-sectional, web-based descriptive study conducted among French women using a 33-item web-based questionnaire.

Real-World Analysis of Medical Costs and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Elderly Women with HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Everolimus-Based Therapy or Chemotherapy.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze medical costs and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) associated with everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy among elderly women with hormone-receptor-positive, human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Methods: Elderly women (≥65 years) with HR+/HER2- mBC who failed a non-steroidal-aromatase-inhibitor and subsequently began a new line of treatment with everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy for mBC (index therapy) during July 20, 2012 to March 31, 2014 were identified from two large commercial claims databases. All-cause, BC-, and adverse event (AE)-related medical costs (2014 USD), and all-cause and AE-related HRU per patient per month (PPPM) were compared between patients treated with everolimus-based therapy and chemotherapy across their first four lines of therapy for mBC.

Outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis receiving extended dosing regimens of darbepoetin alfa: long-term results of the EXTEND observational cohort study.

Background: Extended dosing of the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) darbepoetin alfa (DA) once biweekly or monthly reduces anaemia treatment burden. This observational study assessed outcomes and dosing patterns in patients with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis (CKD-NoD) commencing extended dosing of DA.

Methods: Adult CKD-NoD patients starting extended dosing of DA in Europe or Australia in June 2006 or later were followed up until December 2012.

The Economic Burden of Schizophrenia in the United States in 2013.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the US societal economic burden of schizophrenia and update the 2002 reported costs of $62.7 billion given the disease management and health care structural changes of the last decade.

Methods: A prevalence-based approach was used to assess direct health care costs, direct non-health care costs, and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia (ICD-9 codes 295.

Variation in Care for Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the United States.

Objectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects nearly one in seven Americans. Significant national variations in care may exist, due to a current lack of standardized diagnosis and treatment algorithms; this can translate into a substantial additional economic burden. The study examines healthcare resource utilization in patients with IBS and in the subset of IBS patients with constipation (IBS-C) and analyzes the variation of IBS care for these patients across the United States (US).

Delay in initiation of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy leads to decreased overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with HER2-positive non-metastatic breast cancer.

Trastuzumab reduces the risk of relapse in women with HER2-positive non-metastatic breast cancer, but little information exists on the timing of trastuzumab initiation. The study investigated the impact of delaying the initiation of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for >6 months after the breast cancer diagnosis on time to relapse, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) among patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. Adult women with non-metastatic breast cancer who initiated trastuzumab adjuvant therapy without receiving any neoadjuvant therapy were selected from the US Department of Defense health claims database from 01/2003 to 12/2012.

Treatment outcomes after methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate or atomoxetine.

Purpose: To compare treatment adherence, discontinuation, add-on, and daily average consumption (DACON) among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder receiving second-line lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) or atomoxetine (ATX), following methylphenidate.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study using US commercial claims databases (Q2/2009-Q3/2013).

Results: At month 12, the LDX cohort (N=2,718) had a higher adherence level (proportion of days covered: 0.

Treatment patterns and factors associated with the use of everolimus among post-menopausal women with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective US claims study.

Objective: To assess the real-world use of everolimus in the treatment of hormone-receptor-positive/human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic-breast-cancer (mBC).

Methods: Postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- mBC who initiated a new therapy for mBC between 20 July 2012 and 31 March 2014 after a non-steroidal-aromatase-inhibitor were identified from two commercial claims databases. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with everolimus use versus endocrine-monotherapy or chemotherapy.

Survival in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer treated with adjuvant trastuzumab in clinical practice.

Purpose: The NSABP Trial B-31 and NCCTG Trial N9831 (B-31/N9831 trials, Romond et al. in N Engl J Med 353:1673-84, 2005. doi:10.

Comparison of medical costs and healthcare resource utilization of post-menopausal women with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer receiving everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy: a retrospective claims database analysis.

Objective: To analyze medical costs and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) associated with everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy among post-menopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC).

Methods: Patients with HR+/HER2- mBC who discontinued a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor and began a new line of treatment with everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy (index therapy/index date) between July 20, 2012 and April 30, 2014 were identified from two large claims databases. All-cause, BC-related, and adverse event (AE)-related medical costs (in 2014 USD) and all-cause HRU per patient per month (PPPM) were analyzed for both treatment groups across patients' first four lines of therapies for mBC.