Innovative and sustainable cultivation strategy for the production of Spirulina platensis using anaerobic digestates diluted with residual geothermal water.

The following study investigates the possibility of growing the Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) cyanobacteria on two agro-industrial anaerobic digestion (AD) digestates diluted with geothermal water. The two digestates (FAWD: Food and Agricultural Wastes Digestate and CDD: Cheese Diary Digestate) were selected based on their different chemical characteristics, attributed to the type of feedstock and the operating conditions used during the AD process.

Timescales of water accumulation in magmas and implications for short warning times of explosive eruptions.

Water plays a key role in magma genesis, differentiation, ascent and, finally, eruption. Despite the recognized crucial function of water, there are still several issues that continue to blur our view about its role in magmatic systems. What are the timescales of HO accumulation in crystallizing magmas? What are the ascent rates of water-rich residual melts leading to explosive eruptions? Here, we track the timescale of water accumulation in a residual melt resulting from crystallization of a hydrous CO-bearing magmatic mass stored at mid- to deep-crustal levels in a subduction-related geodynamic setting.