Use of ChatGPT Large Language Models to Extract Details of Recommendations for Additional Imaging From Free-Text Impressions of Radiology Reports.

Automated extraction of actionable details of recommendations for additional imaging (RAIs) from radiology reports could facilitate tracking and timely completion of clinically necessary RAIs and thereby potentially reduce diagnostic delays. To assess the performance of large-language models (LLMs) in extracting actionable details of RAIs from radiology reports. This retrospective single-center study evaluated reports of diagnostic radiology examinations performed across modalities and care settings within five subspecialties (abdominal imaging, musculoskeletal imaging, neuroradiology, nuclear medicine, thoracic imaging) in August 2023.

Sex differences in exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and pulmonary edema following high-intensity exercise in highly trained endurance athletes.

This study investigated sex differences in the development of pulmonary edema and exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) in well-trained endurance athletes during near-maximal exercise in a real-world setting. Twenty participants (10M vs. 10F; V̇Opeak: 69.

Prospective Trial of Biomarker-Guided Surveillance for HPV-positive Oropharynx Cancer Using Plasma Tumor Tissue Modified Viral HPV DNA.

Background: Observational studies suggest circulating tumor HPV DNA may facilitate early detection of recurrent HPV-positive oropharynx cancer (OPC). We prospectively investigated whether biomarker-guided surveillance detects recurrence sooner than standard-of-care.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled patients evaluated for HPV-positive OPC at a single center 11/2020-4/2023 undergoing curative-intent treatment in a single-arm cohort study.

Multidimensional assessment of exertional dyspnea in young healthy males and females who select unsatisfied inspiration at peak exercise.

Historically, it was thought that healthy humans predominantly described their breathing as a sense of increased work or effort (W/E) during maximal exercise. However, emerging data show that many healthy adults select unpleasant dyspnea descriptors such as "unsatisfied inspiration" (UI), with relatively more females selecting UI than males. We hypothesized that males and females who select UI would report higher dyspnea intensity ratings during exercise, select more distressing dyspnea qualities post exercise, and have greater inspiratory constraints than those who do not.

Predictors of Physician Agreement With Radiologist-Recommended Follow-up Imaging.

Objective: Although recommendations for additional imaging are common in radiology reports, completion of follow-up imaging does not always occur, which could reflect disagreement between radiologist and referring provider. We assessed how frequently referring providers agree with radiologists' follow-up recommendations, reasons for disagreement, and factors associated with radiologist-referring provider agreement.

Methods: This institutional review board-exempt, retrospective study was performed at a large academic center.

Patient Photograph Association With Radiologist Recommendations for Additional Imaging.

Objective: Assess whether display of a patient photograph in the electronic health record (EHR) alongside head and neck CT or MRI radiology examinations is associated with recommendations for additional imaging (RAI) and whether self-reported race modifies that association.

Methods: This multi-institution health care system retrospective observational study from June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022 included all patients with a head/neck CT or MRI report. We investigated association of photograph with RAIs using mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, complexity score, race, and area deprivation index while conditioning on patient and radiologist.

The effects of endurance training on muscle oxygen desaturation during incremental exercise tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Minimum muscle oxygen saturation (SmOmin) measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a common measure during incremental exercise testing (IET). Our objective was to determine the effects of pre-to-post endurance training on SmOmin (ΔSmOmin) during an IET, using a meta-analysis.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus.

Incidence of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity among patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: We aim to assess the pooled incidence of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in clinical trials and real-world studies of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancy and compare the incidences among different agents.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical trials and real-world studies. An inverse-variance weighting model was used to calculate pooled incidences and subgroup analyses.

Mexican Hispanics show significant improvement in lung function approximately 1 year after having severe COVID-19.

The long-term effects of COVID-19 on lung function are not understood, especially for periods extending beyond 1 year after infection. This observational, longitudinal study investigated lung function in Mexican Hispanics who experienced severe COVID-19, focusing on how the length of recovery affects lung function improvements. At a specialized COVID-19 follow-up clinic in Yucatan, Mexico, lung function and symptoms were assessed in patients who had recovered from severe COVID-19.

Registration of Longitudinal Spine CTs for Monitoring Lesion Growth.

Accurate and reliable registration of longitudinal spine images is essential for assessment of disease progression and surgical outcome. Implementing a fully automatic and robust registration is crucial for clinical use, however, it is challenging due to substantial change in shape and appearance due to lesions. In this paper we present a novel method to automatically align longitudinal spine CTs and accurately assess lesion progression.

Disordered eating behaviours during the menopausal transition: a systematic review.

Disordered eating refers to a range of eating behaviours and attitudes towards weight and food that can negatively influence physical and psychosocial well-being. The menopausal transition could be a vulnerable period for disordered eating due to major hormonal fluctuations, menopausal symptoms, common body composition shifts, and an increased risk of psychological challenges. This systematic review aimed to summarize evidence on the associations between the menopausal transition and disordered eating.

Translating the Interplay of Cognition and Physical Performance in COPD and Interstitial Lung Disease: Meeting Report and Literature Review.

Topic Importance: Cognitive and physical limitations are common in individuals with chronic lung diseases, but their interactions with physical function and activities of daily living are not well characterized. Understanding these interactions and potential contributors may provide insights on disability and enable more tailored rehabilitation strategies.

Review Findings: This review summarizes a 2-day meeting of patient partners, clinicians, researchers, and lung associations to discuss the interplay between cognitive and physical function in people with chronic lung diseases.

The metabolic cost of breathing for exercise ventilations: effects of age and sex.

Given that there are both sex-based structural differences in the respiratory system and age-associated declines in pulmonary function, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of age and sex on the metabolic cost of breathing (V̇o) for exercise ventilations in healthy younger and older males and females. Forty healthy participants (10 young males 24 ± 3 yr; 10 young females 24 ± 3 yr; 10 older males 63 ± 3 yr, 10 older females 63 ± 6 yr) mimicked their exercise breathing patterns (voluntary hyperpnea) in the absence of exercise across a range of exercise intensities. At peak exercise, V̇o represented a significantly greater fraction of peak oxygen consumption (V̇o) in young females, 12.

Improved optic nerve visualization and treatment planning through a dedicated optic nerve MRI protocol.

Objective: This study describes an innovative optic nerve MRI protocol for better delineating optic nerve anatomy from neighboring pathology.

Methods: Twenty-two patients undergoing MRI examination of the optic nerve with the dedicated protocol were identified and included for analysis of imaging, surgical strategy, and outcomes. T2-weighted and fat-suppressed T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced images were acquired perpendicular and parallel to the long axis of the optic nerve to achieve en face and in-line views along the course of the nerve.

Time-Saving 3D MR Imaging Protocols with Millimeter and Submillimeter Isotropic Spatial Resolution for Face and Neck Imaging as Implemented at a Single-Site Major Referral Center.

MR imaging has become the routine technique for staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma, evaluating perineural tumor spread, and detecting cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma. However, these protocols traditionally require in the range of 25 to 35 minutes of acquisition time. 3D sequences offer the potential advantage of time savings through the acquisition of 1-mm or submillimeter resolution isotropic data followed by multiplanar reformats that require no further imaging time.

Surgical Navigation in the Anterior Skull Base Using 3-Dimensional Endoscopy and Surface Reconstruction.

Importance: Image guidance is an important adjunct for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. However, current systems require bulky external tracking equipment, and their use can interrupt efficient surgical workflow.

Objective: To evaluate a trackerless surgical navigation system using 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopy and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms in the anterior skull base.

Time-Saving 3D MR Imaging Protocols with Millimeter and Submillimeter Isotropic Spatial Resolution for Face and Neck Imaging as Implemented at a Single-Site Major Referral Center.

MR imaging has become the routine technique for staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma, evaluating perineural tumor spread, and detecting cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma. However, these protocols traditionally require in the range of 25 to 35 minutes of acquisition time. 3D sequences offer the potential advantage of time savings through the acquisition of 1-mm or submillimeter resolution isotropic data followed by multiplanar reformats that require no further imaging time.

Recommendations for Additional Imaging on Head and Neck Imaging Examinations: Interradiologist Variation and Associated Factors.

A paucity of relevant guidelines may lead to pronounced variation among radiologists in issuing recommendations for additional imaging (RAI) for head and neck imaging. The purpose of this article was to explore associations of RAI for head and neck imaging examinations with examination, patient, and radiologist factors and to assess the role of individual radiologist-specific behavior in issuing such RAI. This retrospective study included 39,200 patients (median age, 58 years; 21,855 women, 17,315 men, 30 with missing sex information) who underwent 39,200 head and neck CT or MRI examinations, interpreted by 61 radiologists, from June 1, 2021, through May 31, 2022.

Inner Ear Breaches from Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Revisiting the Incidence of Otologic Injury from Retrosigmoid and Middle Cranial Fossa Approaches.

Objective: To assess the rate of iatrogenic injury to the inner ear in vestibular schwannoma resections.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Multiple academic tertiary care hospitals.

Actionability of Recommendations for Additional Imaging in Head and Neck Radiology.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to measure the actionability of recommendations for additional imaging (RAIs) in head and neck CT and MRI, for which there is a near complete absence of best practices or guidelines; to identify the most common recommendations; and to assess radiologist factors associated with actionability.

Methods: All head and neck CT and MRI radiology reports across a multi-institution, multipractice health care system from June 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. The actionability of RAIs was scored using a validated taxonomy.