Pathophysiology of Penetrating Captive Bolt Stunning in Horned and Polled Sheep and Factors Determining Incomplete Concussion.

Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is widely used for stunning and on-farm dispatch of livestock, yet its efficacy can vary, with the potential for animal welfare compromise. This study investigated the pathophysiology of PCB-induced trauma in horned and polled sheep (), focusing on factors contributing to incomplete concussion. Thirty-seven ( = 18 horned Scottish blackface and = 19 polled North Country mule) mature ewes (aged 4-10 years) were shot with PCB with varying cartridge power and PCB modifications, followed by clinical assessment and post-mortem analysis using magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) and gross pathology.

Characterization and Machine Learning-Driven Property Prediction of a Novel Hybrid Hydrogel Bioink Considering Extrusion-Based 3D Bioprinting.

The field of tissue engineering has made significant advancements with extrusion-based bioprinting, which uses shear forces to create intricate tissue structures. However, the success of this method heavily relies on the rheological properties of bioinks. Most bioinks use shear-thinning.

Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat from traditional markets in Peru and its impact measured through a quantitative microbiological risk assessment.

Campylobacter is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with the mishandling of contaminated chicken meat among the main pathways for human infection. Granted the disease burden due to this pathogen, systematic assessments of its potential impact are necessary. The aims of this study were to evaluate both presence and load of Campylobacter in chicken meat sold in traditional markets, assess risk factors related with the infrastructure and hygienic conditions of market stalls, and evaluate control strategies for campylobacteriosis in Peru through a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA), a data-driven, systematic approach to quantitatively assess risks by integrating empirical contamination levels, microbial behavior, and consumer exposure.

A Review of Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Fe and Zn Alloys for Medical Implants Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF).

This review explores the advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) of biodegradable iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) alloys, focusing on their potential for medical implants, particularly in vascular and bone applications. Fe alloys are noted for their superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility but exhibit a slow corrosion rate, limiting their biodegradability. Strategies such as alloying with manganese (Mn) and optimizing microstructure via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) have been employed to increase Fe's corrosion rate and mechanical performance.

Validation Against Polysomnography of a Transthoracic Impedance Sensor for Screening of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure Patients: A Pooled Analysis of AIRLESS and UPGRADE.

Cardiac implantable electronic devices and their integrated thoracic impedance sensors have been used to detect sleep apnea for over a decade now. Despite their usage in daily clinical practice, there are only limited data on their diagnostic accuracy. AIRLESS and UPGRADE were prospective investigator-driven trials meant to validate the AP scan (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) in heart failure cohorts.

Assessment of Donkey Welfare at Slaughter in Ghana.

Donkey slaughter in West Africa has received limited scientific attention, despite increasing over recent years. This study aimed to explore factors affecting donkey welfare, both ante-mortem and at slaughter, in the Upper East region of Ghana. A total of 134 donkeys at five different slaughter points were assessed using animal-based indicators.

Factorial Design of Experiment Method to Characterize Bioprinting Process Parameters to Obtain the Targeted Scaffold Porosity.

Due to its inbuilt ability to release biocompatible materials encapsulating living cells in a predefined location, 3D bioprinting is a promising technique for regenerating patient-specific tissues and organs. Among various 3D bioprinting techniques, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting ensures a higher percentage of cell release, ensuring suitable external and internal scaffold architectures. Scaffold architecture is mainly defined by filament geometry and width.

Amyloid-β oligomers increase the binding and internalization of tau oligomers in human synapses.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the propagation and spreading of CNS tau pathology closely correlates with cognitive decline, positioning tau as an attractive therapeutic target. Amyloid beta (Aβ) has been strongly implicated in driving tau spread, whereas primary tauopathies such as primary age-related tauopathy (PART)-which lack Aβ pathology-exhibit limited tau spread and minimal-to-no cognitive decline. Emerging evidence converges on a trans-synaptic mechanism of tau spread, facilitated by the transfer of misfolded tau aggregates (e.

Cross-neutralization of Influenza A by SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma: Is pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protective against Influenza A?

According to sparse information from various countries, the seasonal influenza virus circulation has drastically decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we show the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against influenza viruses. Plasma samples were collected from 311 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.

Small Molecule Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Inhibition Prevents Delayed Cerebral Injury (DCI) After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) in a Murine Model.

Background: Delayed cerebral injury (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a preventable injury that would improve patient outcomes if an effective treatment can be developed. The most common long-term disability in patients with SAH is cognitive dysfunction. Contrary to the common theory that damage from DCI originates solely from ischemia caused by cerebral vasospasm, inflammation has been shown to be an important independent mediator of DCI.

Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Patients with microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer have poor outcomes with standard chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab has shown clinical benefit in nonrandomized studies of MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: In this phase 3 open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer and MSI-H or dMMR status according to local testing to receive, in a 2:2:1 ratio, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies.

Economics and Equity of Large Language Models: Health Care Perspective.

Large language models (LLMs) continue to exhibit noteworthy capabilities across a spectrum of areas, including emerging proficiencies across the health care continuum. Successful LLM implementation and adoption depend on digital readiness, modern infrastructure, a trained workforce, privacy, and an ethical regulatory landscape. These factors can vary significantly across health care ecosystems, dictating the choice of a particular LLM implementation pathway.

Eco-Friendly Jute-Based Hybrid Nonwoven Fabric for Packaging Applications.

Eco-friendly materials must replace pure synthetic materials to protect the environment and improve human welfare. This study uses a blow room-integrated carding machine to create a filmy web by properly mixing modified jute and polyester fibers. Jute-polyester fiber blended carded webs have been utilized to produce jute-based hybrid nonwoven fabrics (JHNFs), which are subsequently given an antibacterial treatment by spraying a solution of silver nitrate, ethanol, and ammonia.

Radiological comparison of two immobilization methods in the non-surgical treatment of distal radius fractures in the elderly: Single sugar-tong splint shows similar efficacy to long-arm cast.

Background: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the long-arm cast (LAC) and the single sugar-tong splint (SSTS) in the non-operative treatment of distal radius fractures in the geriatric population.

Methods: Patients consulted at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department within the Emergency Department (ED) were reviewed through the electronic archives of a tertiary university hospital over a five-year period. The study included patients aged 65 years and older with a distal radius fracture who required reduction, had successful closed reduction, and had at least six weeks of X-ray follow-up.

Exploring mental health literacy among prospective university students using GIS techniques in Bangladesh: an exploratory study.

Prospective university students experience substantial academic stressors and psychological vulnerabilities, yet their mental health literacy (MHL) remains inadequately explored. This study investigates four dimensions of MHL - help-seeking behaviors, stigma, knowledge about mental health and understanding of mental illnesses. Besides, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques are employed to analyze spatial disparities in MHL, which is the first in the context of MHL research.

Environmental sampling for the detection of capripox viruses and peste des petits ruminants virus in households and livestock markets in Plateau State, Nigeria.

Multiple transboundary animal diseases (TADs) circulate in Plateau State, Nigeria, where livestock keeping is common and contributes to both the physical and socio-economic well-being of a large proportion of the population. In this study, we explored the potential for environmental sampling to detect viruses causing TADs circulating in the region. Electrostatic dust cloths were used to swab areas of the environment likely to have contact with secretions and excretions from infected animals.

A phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of pembrolizumab for recurrent meningioma and solitary fibrous tumor.

Background: Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas account for 20% of all meningioma cases. Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma with similar attributes to meningioma. For patients with refractory or recurrent disease after previous surgery or radiotherapy, there is no effective treatment.

Evaluation of the effect of vitreomacular interface disorders on anti-VEGF treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema in real life: MARMASIA study group report No. 10.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vitreomacular interface disorders (VMID) on treatment response in patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) due to diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Three hundred seventy-seven eyes of 239 patients in the MARMASIA Study Group who received intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment (IVT) due to DME were included in the study. The group 1 consisted of 44 eyes of the patients who had not received any treatment before, were followed up regularly for 24 months after at least a 3-month loading dose, and suffered from VMID such as epiretinal membrane, vitreomacular adhesion or traction, and lamellar hole.

Stem the blood flow: beneficial impact of bevacizumab on survival of subventricular zone glioblastoma patients.

Purpose: Angiogenesis is a crucial step in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma (GBM). Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug, is approved for second-line therapy for GBM. Glioma stem cells, presumably the cell of origin of GBM, take an active role in angiogenesis.

Heterogeneity in Point Defect Distribution and Mobility in Solid Ion Conductors.

Alkali metal anodes paired with solid ion conductors offer promising avenues for enhancing battery energy density and safety. To facilitate rapid ion transport crucial for fast charging and discharging of batteries, it is essential to understand the behavior of point defects in these conductors. In this study, we investigate the heterogeneity of defect distribution in two prototypical solid ion conductors, LiOCl and LiPON (LiPON), by quantifying the defect formation energy (DFE) as a function of distance from the surface and interface through first-principles simulations.

TXA combined with whole blood transfusion in trauma patients does not increase the risk of VTE but shock index does.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration in combination with packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in trauma patients without increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the effect of TXA in combination with whole blood (WB) has not been studied. Injury, abbreviated injury severity scores (ISS and AIS) and the need for blood transfusions are historically associated with VTE.