Preclinical characterization of the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine.

As SARS-CoV-2 evolves, increasing in potential for greater transmissibility and immune escape, updated vaccines are needed to boost adaptive immunity to protect against COVID-19 caused by circulating strains. Here, we report features of the monovalent Omicron XBB.1.

HOX gene expression in the developing human spine.

Positional coding along the anterior-posterior axis is regulated by HOX genes, whose 3' to 5' expression correlates with location along this axis. The precise utilisation of HOX genes in different human cell types is not fully understood. Here, we use single-cell and spatial-transcriptomics, along with in-situ sequencing, to create a developmental atlas of the human fetal spine.

Recovery Insights Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Consumer's Perspective.

The individual with spinal cord injury is the most important member of the interdisciplinary team of health care professionals who provide care and researchers who progress treatments. The consumer voice is critical to understanding priorities and preferences. A literature search was conducted to identify consumer-level contribution, yielding 68 articles.

Agreement of point-of-care and laboratory lactate levels among trauma patients and association with transfusion.

Background And Objectives: In the setting of trauma and suspected critical bleeding, indications to commence blood transfusions remain unclear, with high rates of potentially avoidable transfusions. Prehospital blood lactate measurements could help predict the need for blood transfusions. The aim of this study was to compare measurements detected by a point-of-care (POC) lactate device with laboratory measured lactate levels.

A pressure-jump EPR system to monitor millisecond conformational exchange rates of spin-labeled proteins.

Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) using nitroxide spin labels is a well-established technology for mapping site-specific secondary and tertiary structure and for monitoring conformational changes in proteins of any degree of complexity, including membrane proteins, with high sensitivity. SDSL-EPR also provides information on protein dynamics in the timescale of ps-μs using continuous wave lineshape analysis and spin lattice relaxation time methods. However, the functionally important time domain of μs-ms, corresponding to large-scale protein motions, is inaccessible to those methods.

Recurrent association between colonies and calcifying amoebae.

Colonies of the N-fixing cyanobacterium spp. constitute a consortium with multiple microorganisms that collectively exert ecosystem-level influence on marine carbon and nitrogen cycling, shunting newly fixed nitrogen to low nitrogen systems, and exporting both carbon and nitrogen to the deep sea. Here we identify a seasonally recurrent association between puff colonies and amoebae through a two-year survey involving over 10 000 colonies in the Red Sea.

Corrigendum: The predictive validity of a Brain Care Score for dementia and stroke: data from the UK Biobank cohort.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.

Applications of a Rayleigh-Taylor model to direct-drive laser fusion.

This paper presents a simple physics-based model for the interpretation of key metrics in laser direct drive. The only input parameters required are target scale, in-flight aspect ratio, and beam-to-target radius, and the importance of each has been quantified with a tailored set of cryogenic implosion experiments. These analyses lead to compact and accurate predictions of the fusion yield and areal density as a function of hydrodynamic stability, and they suggest new ways to take advantage of direct drive.

Liquid biopsy to identify Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: the multicentre study.

Background: There is no clinically relevant serological marker for the early detection of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor lesion, Barrett's oesophagus (BE).

Objective: To develop and test a blood-based assay for EAC and BE.

Design: Oesophageal MicroRNAs of BaRRett, Adenocarcinoma and Dysplasia () was a large, international, multicentre biomarker cohort study involving 792 patient samples from 4 countries (NCT06381583) to develop and validate a circulating miRNA signature for the early detection of EAC and high-risk BE.

Towards the definition of treatment wetland pathogen log reduction credits.

Treatment wetlands have the potential to treat a range of water and wastewater pollutants while using less energy and chemicals than conventional treatment processes, making them a viable option for improving the sustainability of water treatment systems. However, water treatment systems used for water reuse must also be protective of human health. To date, the human health protection benefits of treatment wetlands have not been rigorously quantified in the context of current human health risk frameworks.

Targeting the aminopeptidase ERAP enhances antitumor immunity by disrupting the NKG2A-HLA-E inhibitory checkpoint.

The aminopeptidase, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), trims peptides for loading into major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), and loss of this activity has broad effects on the MHC class I peptidome. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting ERAP1 in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), as MHC class I interactions mediate both activating and inhibitory functions in antitumor immunity. Loss of ERAP sensitized mouse tumor models to ICB, and this sensitivity depended on CD8 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.

The biological effects of copper alloying in Zn-based biodegradable arterial implants.

Biodegradable metals based on zinc are being developed to serve as temporary arterial scaffolding. Although the inclusion of copper is becoming more prevalent for grain refinement in zinc alloys, the biological activity of the copper component has not been well investigated. Here, two ZnCu alloys (0.

Mental Health Monitoring for Young People Through Mood Apps: Protocol for a Scoping Review and Systematic Search in App Stores.

Background: The researchers have used mobile phones to assist in monitoring, analyzing, and managing moods to acquire insight into mood patterns. There is a lack of evidence in their use as clinical tools and interventions, which necessitates a comprehensive review and quality assessment to understand barriers and facilitators for app implementation as an impactful clinical intervention.

Objective: This review aims to (1) provide an overview of the recent evidence on mobile mood-monitoring apps that are intended for facilitating self-management and support of mental health in children, adolescents, and young people; and (2) investigate the quality of publicly available apps.

Internet Devices and Internet Access Among Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers, North Carolina, 2023.

Objectives: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers work in rural areas where internet access may be limited. We assessed internet access, cost of access, and devices available to farmworkers through a statewide survey in North Carolina.

Methods: During the 2023 agricultural season, we surveyed 1034 migrant and seasonal farmworkers during routine outreach visits in partnership with community health workers employed by 8 community health centers or by nonprofit health service agencies serving farmworkers in North Carolina.

Orofacial Granulomatosis and Crohn's Disease: A Case Series.

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare syndrome that can occur in association with Crohn's disease (CD). The electronic medical record was searched for "OFG" and "CD." A total of 297 patients were identified, and relevant data were abstracted.

Critical Data for Critical Care: A Primer on Leveraging Electronic Health Record Data for Research From Society of Critical Care Medicine's Panel on Data Sharing and Harmonization.

A growing body of critical care research draws on real-world data from electronic health records (EHRs). The bedside clinician has myriad data sources to aid in clinical decision-making, but the lack of data sharing and harmonization standards leaves much of this data out of reach for multi-institution critical care research. The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Discovery Data Science Campaign convened a panel of critical care and data science experts to explore and document unique advantages and opportunities for leveraging EHR data in critical care research.