Acrodermatitis dysmetabolica: lessons from two pediatric cases.

Objectives: Acrodermatitis dysmetabolica (AD) is a dermatologic manifestation associated with inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), distinct from acrodermatitis enteropathica, which occurs solely due to zinc deficiency.

Case Presentation: This report presents two pediatric cases: a 30-month-old girl with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) experiencing AD secondary to severe isoleucine deficiency due to a protein-restricted diet, showing improvement with dietary adjustments, and a 2.5-month-old boy infant with propionic acidemia (PA) who developed AD alongside septic shock, which progressed despite intervention.

Foundational artificial intelligence models and modern medical practice.

Our opinion piece pays homage to the evolution of medical practices, tracing back to the era of Hippocrates, through significant historical milestones, and drawing parallels with the principles underpinning foundational artificial intelligence (AI) models. It emphasizes the shared ethos of both domains: a commitment to comprehensive care that values diverse data integration and individualized patient treatment. The excitement surrounding foundation models in medical imaging is understandable.

Cryptosporidiosis as an opportunistic infection in colorectal cancer patients.

Cryptosporidium spp. is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigates the prevalence and clinical significance of Cryptosporidium spp.

Deformable Capsules for Object Detection.

Capsule networks promise significant benefits over convolutional networks by storing stronger internal representations, and routing information based on the agreement between intermediate representations' projections. Despite this, their success has been limited to small-scale classification datasets due to their computationally expensive nature. Though memory efficient, convolutional capsules impose geometric constraints that fundamentally limit the ability of capsules to model the pose/deformation of objects.

Predicting Short-Term Mortality in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism With Deep Learning.

Background: Accurate prediction of short-term mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is critical for optimizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) is the current reference score used for this purpose, but it has limitations regarding predictive accuracy. Our aim was to develop a new short-term mortality prediction model for PE patients based on deep learning (DL) with multimodal data, including imaging and clinical/demographic data.

Machine learning for prognostic prediction in coronary artery disease with SPECT data: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) analysis relies on qualitative visual assessment or semi-quantitative measures like total perfusion deficit that play a critical role in the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease by assessing regional blood flow abnormalities. Recently, machine learning (ML) -based analysis of SPECT images for coronary artery disease diagnosis has shown promise, with its utility in predicting long-term patient outcomes (prognosis) remaining an active area of investigation. In this review, we comprehensively examine the current landscape of ML-based analysis of SPECT imaging with an emphasis on prognostication of coronary artery disease.

Mouse Pachytene piRNAs Cleave Hundreds of Transcripts, But Alter the Steady-State Abundance of Only a Minority of Targets.

In animals, 18-35-nt piRNAs guide PIWI proteins to regulate complementary RNAs. During male meiosis, mammals produce an exceptionally abundant class of piRNAs called pachytene piRNAs. Pachytene piRNAs are required for spermatogenesis and have been proposed to control gene expression by various mechanisms.

Understanding the fundamentals of the on-off retention mechanism of oligonucleotides and their application to high throughput analysis.

Ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) is clearly recognized as the gold standard for analyzing therapeutic oligonucleotides (ONs). Recent studies have shown that ONs exhibit an on-off retention behavior in IP-RPLC, meaning that minor changes in acetonitrile (ACN) proportion can significantly impact retention. However, this behavior was initially demonstrated with only a single mobile phase condition.

Unilateral two-headed extensor digitorum longus muscle: atypical configuration and clinical implications.

This report describes a new configuration of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) with two heads and two main tendons divided into four slips. During routine cadaver dissection, unilateral (right) EDL muscle belly and tendon variations were identified. The morphometric measurements of the EDL were conducted using Image J software.

Large-scale multi-center CT and MRI segmentation of pancreas with deep learning.

Automated volumetric segmentation of the pancreas on cross-sectional imaging is needed for diagnosis and follow-up of pancreatic diseases. While CT-based pancreatic segmentation is more established, MRI-based segmentation methods are understudied, largely due to a lack of publicly available datasets, benchmarking research efforts, and domain-specific deep learning methods. In this retrospective study, we collected a large dataset (767 scans from 499 participants) of T1-weighted (T1 W) and T2-weighted (T2 W) abdominal MRI series from five centers between March 2004 and November 2022.

Validity and reliability of an immersive virtual reality adaptation of the 6-minute pegboard and ring test.

Background And Aim: Virtual reality offers new clinical assessment and rehabilitation options that can complement or, in some cases, replace traditional methods. However, the applicability of using virtual reality tools for assessment of upper limb functional capacity has not been fully explored. We therefore developed an immersive virtual reality adaptation of the 6-Minute Pegboard and Ring Test (6PBRT-VR).

BGC Atlas: a web resource for exploring the global chemical diversity encoded in bacterial genomes.

Secondary metabolites are compounds not essential for an organism's development, but provide significant ecological and physiological benefits. These compounds have applications in medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. Their production is encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), groups of genes collectively directing their biosynthesis.

Investigation of Spp and Coliform Bacteria Contamination Sources after Cleaning-in-Place in Production Lines of Dairy Factories in Türkiye.

Microorganisms detected on dairy factory surfaces after disinfection can cause product contamination, leading to economic losses and health hazards for consumers. In this study, the presence of spp. and Coliform in a total of 450 samples taken from food-contact and non-contact surfaces (stainless steel, plastic, cloth, and tiles surfaces), raw milk and final product (white cheese, kashar cheese, butter, yogurt, and cream) samples in five dairy factories was investigated by conventional techniques.

AI-ADC: Channel and Spatial Attention-Based Contrastive Learning to Generate ADC Maps from T2W MRI for Prostate Cancer Detection.

Background/objectives: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps in prostate MRI can reveal tumor characteristics, but their accuracy can be compromised by artifacts related with patient motion or rectal gas associated distortions. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach that utilizes a Generative Adversarial Network to synthesize ADC maps from T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (T2W MRI).

Methods: By leveraging contrastive learning, our model accurately maps axial T2W MRI to ADC maps within the cropped region of the prostate organ boundary, capturing subtle variations and intricate structural details by learning similar and dissimilar pairs from two imaging modalities.

Comparison of Ampullary and Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas: Smaller Invasion, Common Adenomatous Components, Resectability, and Histology are Factors for Improved Survival for Patients with Ampullary Adenocarcinoma.

Background: The information on the clinicopathologic/outcome differences between ampullary adenocarcinoma (AC) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) has been conflicting to the extent that it still is questioned whether ACs need to be recognized separately from PCs.

Methods: The characteristics of 413 ACs were compared with those of 547 PCs.

Results: The ACs had a better prognosis than the PCs (5-year survival, 57 % vs 23 %; p < 0.

A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends About Congenital Toxoplasmosis.

Objective: is an obligate intracellular protozoon that infects approximately one-third of the human population. The parasite could transmit from mother to fetus in cases of acute infection during pregnancy and cause complications in the fetus. The bibliometric analysis is a popular research area that evaluates all the studies indexed in particular databases on a subject.

Is pregnancy loss (that) disenfranchised? Evidence from a vignette study.

Perceiving that society disregards grief after pregnancy loss (disenfranchised grief) elevates bereaved parents' psychological burden. In this research, we aimed to compare the disenfranchisement of pregnancy loss with four other loss types considering the bereaved's gender. We collected data from Turkish participants (= 1,280) using a 5 (loss type) x 2 (gender) between-subjects design with randomly assigned vignettes.

Validating polyp and instrument segmentation methods in colonoscopy through Medico 2020 and MedAI 2021 Challenges.

Automatic analysis of colonoscopy images has been an active field of research motivated by the importance of early detection of precancerous polyps. However, detecting polyps during the live examination can be challenging due to various factors such as variation of skills and experience among the endoscopists, lack of attentiveness, and fatigue leading to a high polyp miss-rate. Therefore, there is a need for an automated system that can flag missed polyps during the examination and improve patient care.

What do medical faculty students think about telehealth?

Objective: We aimed to evaluate medical school students' knowledge and approaches regarding telehealth.

Method: In this descriptive study, an electronic survey was conducted among students attending the Faculties of Medicine at Health Sciences University. The first part of the Form included questions evaluating individual characteristics and telehealth approaches, and the second part included opinions and suggestions regarding telehealth usage topics.

Development of targeted whole genome sequencing approaches for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV).

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most prevalent human tick-borne viral disease, with a reported case fatality rate of 30 % or higher. The virus contains a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome consisting of the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments encoding respectively the nucleoprotein (NP), the glycoproteins precursor (GPC) and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). CCHFV is one of the most genetically diverse arboviruses, with seven distinct lineages named after the region they were first reported in and based on S segment phylogenetic analysis.

Buccolingual inclination of posterior dentition in maxillary impacted canine patients using quadrant analysis - A cone-beam computed tomographic study.

Background: To examine the buccolingual inclination of maxillary posterior teeth, curve of Wilson, and transversal dimensions in palatally impacted maxillary canine patients, compared to controls by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: Pre-treatment images of 22 bilateral, 32 unilateral impacted maxillary canine patients and 30 controls were included. All patients had palatally impacted canines, with no posterior cross-bite.