Reproducibility of plasma glucose responses to moderate-intensity exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To examine the within-person variability in plasma glucose responses to moderate-intensity morning exercise in young individuals with type 1 diabetes after overnight fasting and under basal insulin conditions.

Methods: In this pilot study, eight participants completed 40 min of moderate-intensity exercise at 60% V̇O peak on three separate days. The within-person standard deviation (SDw) in plasma glucose response was analysed both during and 1 h after exercise using the two visits per participant most closely matched by pre-exercise plasma glucose level.

Attenuation of Post-Exercise Energy Intake Following 12 Weeks of Sprint Interval Training in Men and Women with Overweight.

An acute bout of sprint interval training (SIT) performed with psychological need-support incorporating autonomy, competence, and relatedness has been shown to attenuate energy intake at the post-exercise meal, but the long-term effects are not known. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of SIT combined with need-support on post-exercise food consumption. Thirty-six physically inactive participants with overweight and obesity (BMI: 29.

Effects of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition: A parallel randomized trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Forty sedentary, individuals with overweight or obesity (17 males, 23 females; age: 51 ± 13 years; BMI: 30.9 ± 4.

Understanding the determinants of stress-induced eating - A qualitative study.

The relationship between stress and food consumption is complex and often characterised by substantial between- and within-person variation. From a theoretical and practical perspective, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the factors that influence this relationship. The aim of this study was to identify those factors, and to derive insight into the nature of their effects on the relationship between stress and food consumption.

Perceived daily tension and food cravings and consumption: A within- and between-person investigation.

Previous research examining the relationship between negative states such as tension/anxiety and food intake has typically overlooked the naturally occurring variability of day-to-day experiences and the subsequent consequences for eating behavior. In this study, the relationship of within- and between-person perceived daily tension with food cravings and consumption was assessed. One hundred and forty-two men and women (M=21.

The effect of antecedent exercise on the acute stress response and subsequent food consumption: a preliminary investigation.

Physical activity has been shown to be protective against many of the deleterious consequences of stress; however, the effects of exercise on stress-induced food consumption are unclear. This study examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise prior to exposure to an acute stressor on subsequent eating behavior, together with the physiological (e.g.

A peer support intervention for first-time mothers: Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the mummy buddy program.

Background: The transition to motherhood, although joyous, can be highly stressful, and the availability of professional postpartum support for mothers is often limited. Peer volunteer support programs may offer a viable and cost-effective method to provide community-based support for new mothers.

Aim: To determine the feasibility of a peer volunteer support program-The Mummy Buddy Program-in which experienced volunteer mothers are paired with, and trained to offer social support to, first-time mothers.

A preliminary investigation of the effects of short-duration, vigorous exercise following sleep restriction, fragmentation and extension on appetite and mood in inactive, middle-aged men.

This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on appetite and mood following multiple days of sleep disruption (restriction [RES], fragmentation [FRAG]) or sleep extension (EXT), compared to normal sleep (CONT) in inactive, middle-aged men. Nine men completed four randomised trials initiated by 3 nights (day 1-3) of CONT (6.5-8 hr), RES (4 hr), FRAG (6.

'They deserve a treat': the nature and antecedents of parental licensing surrounding children's physical activity.

Objective: Little is known about parents' compensatory health beliefs (CHB) surrounding their children's engagement in physical activity (PA). Our aim was to provide evidence regarding the nature of, and factors underpinning, parents' PA-related compensatory beliefs for their children.

Design: A qualitative descriptive approach and thematic content analysis were employed.

Exercise-related factors that influence post-exercise energy intake: A psychological perspective.

Objectives: Exercise confers numerous health benefits; however, unhealthy, or excessive food and drink consumption post-exercise may counteract at least some of these benefits. There is emerging evidence that certain exercise-related factors, including the psychological experiences associated with different forms of exercise motivation, may influence post-exercise energy intake. Questions remain, though, about the optimal exercise characteristics that may reduce overconsumption of food/drink post-exercise.

Interactions of sprint interval exercise and psychological need-support on subsequent food intake among physically inactive men and women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and psychological need-support in exercise on postexercise appetite and energy intake. Forty physically inactive men and women (body mass index, 24.6 ± 4.

An 8-Week Relaxation Program Consisting of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Mindfulness Meditation to Reduce Stress and Attenuate Stress-Driven Eating.

Background: Stress is often associated with the intake of energy-dense palatable foods. This trial examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an 8-week worksite-based relaxation intervention to address psychological stress and unhealthy food intake.

Methods: Thirty-six men and women were exposed to an acute stressor, while physiological and psychological responses were assessed, prior to being offered a test meal.

The Effect of Exercise Timing on Glycemic Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Unlabelled: Despite the acknowledgment of exercise as a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), the importance of exercise timing has only recently been considered.

Purpose: This study sought to determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on glycemic control in individuals enrolled in a 12-wk supervised multimodal exercise training program. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on the circadian rhythm of wrist skin temperature.

The effect of a single, brief practice of progressive muscle relaxation after exposure to an acute stressor on subsequent energy intake.

Background: Given previous research suggests an association between stress and the intake of energy-dense foods, this study investigated whether poststressor relaxation practice can attenuate stress-induced eating.

Methods: Twenty-five men and women were exposed to four conditions on separate days: an acute laboratory stressor (S), acute stressor followed by 20 min of relaxation (SR) in the form of Abbreviated Progressive Muscle Relaxation (APMR), relaxation alone (R), and a control condition (C). Physiological and psychological responses to stress and relaxation were assessed, in addition to the subsequent energy intake of high-energy snacks.

Impact of maternal education on response to lifestyle interventions to reduce gestational weight gain: individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objectives: To identify if maternal educational attainment is a prognostic factor for gestational weight gain (GWG), and to determine the differential effects of lifestyle interventions (diet based, physical activity based or mixed approach) on GWG, stratified by educational attainment.

Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis using the previously established International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) Collaborative Group database (https://iwipgroup.wixsite.

Evening high-intensity interval exercise does not disrupt sleep or alter energy intake despite changes in acylated ghrelin in middle-aged men.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What are the interactions between sleep and appetite following early evening high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)? What is the main finding and its importance? HIIE can be performed in the early evening without subsequent sleep disruptions and may favourably alter appetite-related hormone concentrations. Nonetheless, perceived appetite and energy intake do not change with acute HIIE regardless of time of day.

Abstract: Despite exercise benefits for sleep and appetite, due to increased time restraints, many adults remain inactive.

Effect of combining pre-exercise carbohydrate intake and repeated short sprints on the blood glucose response to moderate-intensity exercise in young individuals with Type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To determine whether pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrates to maintain stable glycaemia during moderate-intensity exercise results in excessive hyperglycaemia if combined with repeated sprints in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Eight overnight-fasted people with Type 1 diabetes completed the following four 40-min exercise sessions on separate days in a randomized counterbalanced order under basal insulinaemic conditions: continuous moderate-intensity exercise at 50% peak; intermittent high-intensity exercise (moderate-intensity exercise interspersed with 4-s sprints every 2 min and a final 10-s sprint); continuous moderate-intensity exercise with prior carbohydrate intake (~10 g per person); and intermittent high-intensity exercise with prior carbohydrate intake. Venous blood was sampled during and 2 h after exercise to measure glucose and lactate levels.

Preliminary Validation of the Exercise-Snacking Licensing Scale: Rewarding Exercise with Unhealthy Snack Foods and Drinks.

There is evidence that individuals' compensatory health beliefs may be an important psychological driver of health behavior. Only recently, however, have researchers begun to develop and seek to validate instruments that are suited to measuring specific pairings of the diverse compensatory health beliefs that exist. The aim of this study was to provide support for key aspects of validity associated with the Exercise-Snacking Licensing Scale (ESLS), an instrument that was designed to assess individuals' endorsement (or licensing) of unhealthy snacking behaviors around exercise.

Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Maternal Self-Efficacy in First-Time Mothers: Modelling and Predicting Change across the First Six Months of Motherhood.

Background: First-time mothers commonly experience stress and depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. Maternal self-efficacy has been shown to be an important protective factor against these experiences; however, research on the dynamic nature of stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal self-efficacy is limited. The aim of this study was to document changes in these psychological factors among first-time mothers, and determine how early maternal self-efficacy perceptions may predict change in stress and depressive symptoms over the first 6 months postpartum.

High-intensity interval exercise induces greater acute changes in sleep, appetite-related hormones, and free-living energy intake than does moderate-intensity continuous exercise.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on sleep characteristics, appetite-related hormones, and eating behaviour. Eleven overweight, inactive men completed 2 consecutive nights of sleep assessments to determine baseline (BASE) sleep stages and arousals recorded by polysomnography (PSG). On separate afternoons (1400-1600 h), participants completed a 30-min exercise bout: either () MICE (60% peak oxygen consumption) or () HIIE (60 s of work at 100% peak oxygen consumption: 240 s of rest at 50% peak oxygen consumption), in a randomised order.

Exercise Timing in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The timing of exercise relative to meal consumption has recently been identified as potentially moderating the effectiveness of exercise on glycemic responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature related to exercise timing, relative to meal consumption, and glycemic control in individuals with T2DM.

Methods: Systematic searches in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Testing the Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an 8-Week Exercise and Compensatory Eating Intervention.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intervention comprised of regular exercise alongside educational and motivational support for participants' avoidance of unhealthy compensatory eating. Forty-five sedentary individuals were randomized to an 8-week exercise plus compensatory eating avoidance program (CEAP; = 24), or an 8-week exercise intervention only (control; = 21). The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the intervention were assessed using quantitative measures and supplemented with written responses to open-ended questions.

The glycaemic benefits of a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus may be opposed by increased hypoglycaemia risk and dyslipidaemia.

Aims: To investigate whether very-low-carbohydrate high-fat diets, typical of ketogenic diets, can improve glycaemic control without causing any ill health effects in adults with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods: In this observational study, 11 adults with Type 1 diabetes (seven men, four women, mean ± sd age 36.1± 6.

Understanding and alleviating maternal postpartum distress: Perspectives from first-time mothers in Australia.

Background: Numerous factors have been shown to cause (or alleviate) maternal psychological distress in the early postpartum period, and a variety of interventions have been developed with the goal of preventing and/or managing such distress. However, only a few studies have explored new mothers' perspectives on the sources of their distress in the first six months' postpartum alongside the researchers' recommendations for interventions to address those sources.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to (a) identify factors associated with normative psychological distress in the first 6-months' postpartum by healthy Australian first-time mothers, and (b) outline practical methods-rooted in those factors-deemed to be effective for preventing maternal psychological distress.