A semi-permeable insert culture model for the distal part of the nephron with human and mouse tubuloid epithelial cells.

Tubuloids are advanced in vitro models obtained from adult human or mouse kidney cells with great potential for modelling kidney function in health and disease. Here, we developed a polarized human and mouse tubuloid epithelium on cell culture inserts, namely Transwell™ filters, as a model of the distal nephron with an accessible apical and basolateral side that allow for characterization of epithelial properties such as leak-tightness and epithelial resistance. Tubuloids formed a leak-tight and confluent epithelium on Transwells™ and the human tubuloids were differentiated towards the distal part of the nephron.

Umbilical Catheter Extravasation Mimicking Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Preterm Neonate: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Managing acute abdomen in very low birth weight (VLBW) and premature infants presents a diagnostic challenge, often necessitating a thorough assessment to discern underlying causes. Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs), commonly used in neonatal intensive care, are essential but not without risks. A 29-week premature male infant, born to a 23-year-old mother, was referred to our clinic on the 16 day of life with a suspected diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Effect of different positive end expiratory pressure levels on optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with or without midline shift who are undergoing supratentorial craniotomy.

Purpose: In general, high levels of PEEP application is avoided in patients undergoing craniotomy to prevent a rise in ICP. But that approach would increase the risk of secondary brain injury especially in hypoxemic patients. Because the optic nerve sheath is distensible, a rise in ICP is associated with an increase in the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).

eIF4F is a thermo-sensing regulatory node in the translational heat shock response.

Heat-shocked cells prioritize the translation of heat shock (HS) mRNAs, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We report that HS in budding yeast induces the disassembly of the eIF4F complex, where eIF4G and eIF4E assemble into translationally arrested mRNA ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) and HS granules (HSGs), whereas eIF4A promotes HS translation. Using in vitro reconstitution biochemistry, we show that a conformational rearrangement of the thermo-sensing eIF4A-binding domain of eIF4G dissociates eIF4A and promotes the assembly with mRNA into HS-mRNPs, which recruit additional translation factors, including Pab1p and eIF4E, to form multi-component condensates.

A Photoswitchable Metallocycle Based on Azobenzene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ultrafast Dynamics.

The novel photoswitchable ligand 3,3'-Azobenz(metPA) (1) is used to prepare a [Cu(1)](BF) metallocycle (2), whose photoisomerization was characterized using static and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. Optical studies demonstrate the highly quantitative and reproducible photoinduced cyclic E/Z switching without decay of the complex. Accordingly and best to our knowledge, [Cu(1)](BF) constitutes the first reversibly photoswitchable (3d)-metallocycle based on azobenzene.

Tubuloid differentiation to model the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease.

Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho)physiology. Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The progenitor state of expanding tubuloids comes at the expense of differentiation.

Postoperative neurocognitive disorders: A clinical guide.

For years, postoperative cognitive outcomes have steadily garnered attention, and in the past decade, they have remained at the forefront. This prominence is primarily due to empirical research emphasizing their potential to compromise patient autonomy, reduce quality of life, and extend hospital stays, and increase morbidity and mortality rates, especially impacting elderly patients. The underlying pathophysiological process might be attributed to surgical and anaesthesiological-induced stress, leading to subsequent neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, burst suppression and the development of hypercoagulopathy.

Advancements in kidney organoids and tubuloids to study (dys)function.

The rising prevalence of kidney diseases urges the need for novel therapies. Kidney organoids and tubuloids are advanced in vitro models and have recently been described as promising tools to study kidney (patho)physiology. Recent developments have shown their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and nephrotoxicity.

A Rare Case of Aggressive Infective Endocarditis Due to Corynebacterium striatum.

is considered a rare pathogen in infective endocarditis (IE). is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium found in the environment and human flora. It is part of the microbiota of the skin and nasal mucosa of humans and has been increasingly reported as the etiologic agent of community-acquired and nosocomial diseases.

Differentiated mouse kidney tubuloids as a novel model to study collecting duct physiology.

Kidney tubuloids are cell models that are derived from human or mouse renal epithelial cells and show high similarities with their counterparts. Tubuloids grow polarized in 3D, allow for long-term expansion, and represent multiple segments of the nephron, as shown by their gene expression pattern. In addition, human tubuloids form tight, functional barriers and have been succesfully used for drug testing.

Tubuloid culture enables long-term expansion of functional human kidney tubule epithelium from iPSC-derived organoids.

Kidney organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have proven valuable for studies of kidney development, disease, and therapeutic screening. However, specific applications have been hampered by limited expansion capacity, immaturity, off-target cells, and inability to access the apical side. Here, we apply recently developed tubuloid protocols to purify and propagate kidney epithelium from d7+18 (post nephrogenesis) iPSC-derived organoids.

Cerebral oxygenation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in the sitting and prone positions during posterior fossa surgery: a prospective, randomized clinical study.

Objectives: Sitting position (SP) or prone position (PP) are used for posterior fossa surgery. The SP induced reduction in cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) has been shown in shoulder surgeries, but there is not enough data in intracranial tumor surgery. Studies showed that PP is safe in terms of cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing spinal surgery.

The relation between left ventricular systolic function parameters and preceding or prepreceding beat-to-beat distance in patients with atrial fibrillation: an echocardiographic study.

We aimed at investigating the relation between left ventricle (LV) systolic parameters and beat-to-beat distances and also whether this relation is different in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The relation between peak velocity in left ventricular outflow (V), left atrioventricular plane displacement (LAVPD) or peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity of lateral mitral annulus (Lateral S') and preceding beat-to-beat distance (RR) or prepreceding beat-to-beat distance (RR) were analyzed by linear regression analysis. From this analysis, three parameters were obtained: slope of regression line, constant of regression line, and square of regression coefficient (r) of linear relation.

Vascular control of kidney epithelial transporters.

A major pathway in hypertension pathogenesis involves direct activation of ANG II type 1 (AT) receptors in the kidney, stimulating Na reabsorption. AT receptors in tubular epithelia control expression and stimulation of Na transporters and channels. Recently, we found reduced blood pressure and enhanced natriuresis in mice with cell-specific deletion of AT receptors in smooth muscle (SMKO mice).

3D kidney organoids for bench-to-bedside translation.

The kidneys are essential organs that filter the blood, removing urinary waste while maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Current conventional research models such as static cell cultures and animal models are insufficient to grasp the complex human in vivo situation or lack translational value. To accelerate kidney research, novel research tools are required.

Effects of propofol, desflurane, and sevoflurane on respiratory functions following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a prospective randomized study.

Background: General anesthesia with intravenous or inhalation anesthetics reduces respiratory functions. We investigated the effects of propofol, desflurane, and sevoflurane on postoperative respiratory function tests.

Methods: This single-center randomized controlled study was performed in a university hospital from October 2015 to February 2017.

The Effects of Locally Administered Morphine Over the Dura on Postoperative Morphine Consumption and Pain After Lumbar Disc Surgery: A Prospective, Randomised, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study.

Objective: Effective pain management by avoiding side effects in the perioperative period is essential for patient outcome. Lumbar disc surgery is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain, and opioids are widely used. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the effects of 1 mg and 2 mg morphine-impregnated absorbable cellulose haemostat material placed over the dura on morphine consumption, and the secondary aims were to compare pain scores and opioid-related side effects during postoperative 24 h.

Can Amantadine Ameliorate Neurocognitive Functions After Subarachnoid Haemorrhage? A Preliminary Study.

Objective: Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) may have devastating effects on patients. Motor and neurocognitive impairments may arise depending on the location and grade of the SAH. Although the effects of amantadine on neurocognitive function after traumatic brain injury have been widely studied to the best of our knowledge, their effects on recovery from SAH in humans have not been studied.

Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure and incentive spirometry on respiratory functions during the postoperative period following supratentorial craniotomy: A prospective randomized controlled study.

Study Objective: Volume controlled ventilation with low PEEP is used in neuro-anesthesia to provide constant PaCO levels and prevent raised intracranial pressure. Therefore, neurosurgery patients prone to atelectasis formation, however, we could not find any study that evaluates prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in neurosurgery.

Design: A prospective, randomized controlled study.

Comparison of warm fluid and cold fluid resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock model in rats.

Background: This study was designed to compare the effects of resuscitation with cold and warm fluid on survival time, rate and volume of hemorrhage, hemodynamics, hypothermia, coagulopathy, acid-base balance, hematocrit, lactate, and base deficit during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (HS) model in rats.

Methods: HS model was created with splenic vascular and parenchymal injury in 29 rats under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. Thirty minutes after the hemorrhage, the rats were randomized to receive 14.

Effective and safe mannitol administration in patients undergoing supratentorial tumor surgery: A prospective, randomized and double blind study.

Objectives: Although osmotic diuresis with mannitol is commonly used to provide brain relaxation, there is no consensus regarding its optimal dose and combination with loop diuretics. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of mannitol and combination of furosemide with different doses of mannitol on brain relaxation and on blood electrolytes, lactate level, urine output, fluid balance and blood osmolarity in patients undergoing supratentorial tumor surgery.

Patients And Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study included 51 patients (ASA I-III) scheduled for elective supratentorial craniotomy.

Neuropeptide Y incorporated into PVAX nanoparticle improves functional blood flow in a murine model of hind limb ischemia.

We generated a novel nanoparticle called PVAX, which has intrinsic antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This nanoparticle was loaded with neuropeptide Y (NPY), an angiogenic neurohormone that plays a central role in angiogenesis. Subsequently, we investigated whether PVAX-NPY could act as a therapeutic agent and induce angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in a murine model of hind limb ischemia.