Cardiac effects of COVID-19 infection in children.

Background: It is known established that the cardiac effects of COVID-19 infection are associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rates in infected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac effects of COVID-19 infection in paediatric patients and identify the correlations between clinical and laboratory data and the degree of cardiac involvement.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective data analysis was conducted on 64 paediatric patients at Gazi University Department of Pediatrics who were treated as inpatients with a diagnosis of COVID-19.

Evaluation of quality of life and parental attitudes in patients who underwent atrial septal defect closure in childhood.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate quality of life and parental attitudes in children who underwent an atrial septal defect closure procedure with a transcatheter or surgical method in childhood and whether they continued their lives with similar activities to their healthy peers by comparing the two groups.

Methods: Patient forms to define sociodemographic and clinical features, the Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents (KINDL) to measure the quality of life of children, and the Parent-Child Relationship Test (Parental Attitude Research Instrument) to measure parental attitudes were used.

Results: The groups were similar in terms of age and sex.

A shea butter-based ketamine ointment: The antidepressant effects of transdermal ketamine in rats.

The delayed onset of monoaminergic antidepressants and disadvantages of traditional administration routes created the need for alternative non-invasive delivery methods with rapid onset therapeutic effect. Ketamine attracted attention as a fast-acting glutamatergic antidepressant with ideal physiochemical properties for alternative routes of administration. However, there is no sufficient data for its transdermal use in depression.

Effect of vitamin D on myocardial remodeling and inflammatory status in children with congenital heart disease.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a common public health problem that is often unrecognized in children with congenital heart disease, and is not generally evaluated at congenital heart disease (CHD) follow-up. Recent studies have suggested that inadequate vitamin D status may have an adverse effect on cardiovascular health. This study investigates the relationship between vitamin D levels and hemodynamic parameters in children with CHD.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy shows that object relative clauses are more difficult to process than subject relative clauses in Turkish.

It was suggested that processing subject relative clauses (SRCs) is universally easier than processing object relative clauses (ORCs) based on the studies carried out in head-initial languages such as English and German. However, studies in head-final languages such as Chinese and Basque contradicted this claim. Turkish is also a head-final language.

A novel reduction support frame for management of unstable tibial fractures with intramedullary nail: Preliminary report.

Background: Management of unstable tibial fractures (UTF) can be challenging due to widening of the proximal and distal metaphyseal zone, soft tissue problems, and poor vascularity. We aimed to compare the effect of novel tibial orthopedic reduction support (TORS) frame constructed by re-used tubular external fixator systems and manual traction with regard to the quality of re-duction, and fracture healing.

Methods: A total of 65 patients who were admitted with UTF and underwent intramedullary nailing were assessed; 43 patients un-derwent manual traction technique, and 22 patients underwent TORS technique.

The effect of the platelet-rich plasma on osteogenic potential of the periosteum in an animal bone defect model.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether plasma-rich plasma (PRP) enhances the osteogenic potential of periosteal grafts used to repair bone defects and maintains both histologically and biomechanically more durable bone tissue.

Materials And Methods: A standard bone defect was formed to the left femurs of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats and three groups were formed. In the first group (n=18), no periosteal repair was done for bone defect.

Sensory stimulation via the visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory systems can modulate mood and depression.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, predicted to be the leading cause of disease burden by the next decade. There is great deal of emphasis on the central origin and potential therapeutics of depression whereby the symptomatology of depression has been interpreted and treated as brain generated dysfunctions filtering down to the periphery. This top-down approach has found strong support from clinical work and basic neuroscientific research.

Prognostic value of oxygen saturation and heart rate during a six-minute walk test in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Background/aim: To evaluate the pre and post-treatment heart rate and oxygen (O2) saturation values measured before, during and after 6MWT in children who received PAH-specific treatment and to determine the effect of these variables on prognosis.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 29 patients who were diagnosed as PAH and treated. The transcutaneous O2 saturation and heart rate levels were recorded before the test: baseline (Sat0, HR0), at the end of the test: exercise (Sat1, HR1) and 5 min after the test: recovery (Sat2, HR2).

Analysis of factors among 30-day and 1-year mortality rates in patients with borderline stable-unstable intertrochanteric hip fracture.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of surgical procedures on mortality and to identify the possible risk factors for mortality in the management of geriatric hip fractures.

Methods: A total of 191 patients (105 women and 86 men; mean age 82.26±9.

Comparison of Kinesiotaping, Exercise and Subacromial Injection Treatments on Functionality and Life Quality in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Purpose: Disturbance of scapulohumeral rhythm has been shown to play a major role in subacromial impingement syndrome. Exercise, taping and subacromial injection are first ray conservative treatment modalities. We aimed to correct scapulohumeral rhythm with kinesio taping and exercise program via focusing on especially periscapular muscles not on glenohumeral structures to achieve scapulothorasic stabilization.

Paw preference is associated with behavioural despair and spatial reference memory in male rats.

Paw preference, one of the well-studied behavioural markers of asymmetry, has been associated with affective states and pathologies such as behavioural despair, a rodent model of clinical depression. However, a consistent differential effect of paw preference has not been observed for cognitive functions. In order to investigate the affective properties of paw preference together with its potential cognitive effects, we grouped male Wistar rats as left- or right-pawed, and tested them in the forced swim test and Morris water maze for behavioural despair and spatial memory performance, respectively.

Comparison of functional outcomes in patients fixed with dynamic hip screw and proximal femur nail-anti-rotation in A1 and A2 type intertrochanteric femur fractures.

Background: We aimed to compare clinical and functional outcomes between patients treated with Dynamic hip screw (DHS) and Proximal Femoral Nail-Antirotation (PFN-A) implants.

Methods: This study included 122 patients (66 men [54.1%] and 56 women [45.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Indicates That Asymmetric Right Hemispheric Activation in Mental Rotation of a Jigsaw Puzzle Decreases With Task Difficulty.

Mental rotation (MR) is a cognitive skill whose neural dynamics are still a matter of debate as previous neuroimaging studies have produced controversial results. In order to investigate the underlying neurophysiology of MR, hemodynamic responses from the prefrontal cortex of 14 healthy subjects were recorded with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a novel MR task that had three categorical difficulty levels. Hemodynamic activity strength (HAS) parameter, which reflects the ratio of brain activation during the task to the baseline activation level, was used to assess the prefrontal cortex activation localization and strength.

Low cognitive competence as a vulnerability factor for behavioral despair in rats.

Elucidating the multi-faceted relationship between cognitive competence and affective states is a major pursuit in behavioral sciences. Mood disorders constitute a good research model for this question, as cognitive impairment may accompany clinical depression and persist after full remission. This suggests cognitive dysfunction as an etiological factor of depression, rather than an epiphenomenon.

Mesenchymal stem cells have significant anti-infective effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis vascular graft infections.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) implantation on vascular graft infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and compare with antibiotic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Healthy adult 56 Wistar rats (age, over 5 months; weighing, 300-350 g) were divided into eight groups. Group 1 was defined as the control group and group 2 was defined as the infected control group.

Decrease in Cerebral Oxygen Saturation During the 6-Minute Walk Test in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

This observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO) during the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and the demographic/clinical features of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Cerebral oxygenation was evaluated during the 6-MWT in 20 pediatric patients with PAH aged ≥ 7 years [13 male, 7 female; median age 12.25 (range 7-18) years].

Psychomotor retardation in depression: A critical measure of the forced swim test.

DSM-5 lists 9 different symptoms for major depressive disorder and dictates that either "depressed mood" or "loss of interest or pleasure" should be present for diagnosis. Both are relatively high-level symptoms of the complex affecto-cognitive disease. However, the single most common behavioral paradigm and the gold standard animal (rodent) test for depression, the forced swim test (FST), measures a low-level mechanical feature that resembles "psychomotor retardation" observed in depression.

Oral ketamine alleviates behavioral despair without cognitive impairment in Wistar rats.

Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist used as a major anesthetic agent, especially in children. It has also been shown that at sub-anesthetic concentrations, ketamine has acute antidepressant properties. The rapid-onset nature of this effect makes it a promising alternative for classical antidepressants targeting the monoaminergic system.

Comparison of bench-top simulation versus traditional training models in diagnostic arthroscopic skills training.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the efficacy of existing training models for acquisition of arthroscopic skills and to investigate the most effective training method or combination of methods for residents.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 fifth-year students from medical school (40 males, 60 females; mean age 23.7 years; range, 22 to 33 years) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly divided into five education groups (E1-5): group E1 (trained on bench-top simulator), group E2 (read surgical technique), group E3 (read surgical technique and watched surgical video), group E4 (watched surgical video only), and group E5 (control group).

Platelet-rich plasma decreases fibroblastic activity and woven bone formation with no significant immunohistochemical effect on long-bone healing: An experimental animal study with radiological outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of long-bone fractures in terms of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the Ki-67 proliferation index, and radiological and histological analyses.

Methods: Sixteen adult rabbits, whose right femoral diaphysis was fractured and fixed with Kirschner wires, were randomly divided into two groups, control and PRP (groups A and B, respectively). PRP was given to group B at 1 week postoperatively, and all animals were euthanized after 12 weeks.

The antibacterial effect of mesenchymThe antibacterial effect of mesenchymal stem cells on graft infections: An experimental studyal stem cells on graft infections: An experimental study.

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of mesenchymal stem cells, compared to tigecycline, on graft infection related with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a rat model.

Methods: A total of 42 male adult Wistar rats (age >6 months; weight 300 to 350 g) were divided into six groups including seven rats in each. Group 0 did not undergo any procedure; Group 1 was infected, but untreated; Group 2 was infected and treated with tigecycline without graft placement; Group 3 was infected and received mesenchymal stem cells without graft placement; Group 4 was infected and treated with tigecycline after graft placement; Group 5 was infected and treated with mesenchymal stem cells after graft placement.

A retrospective study on children with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A single-center experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) regarding epidemiological characteristics, clinical status with respect to the WHO functional class (WHO-FC), prognostic factors, and efficacy of medical treatment.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 41 patients with PAH was made in the Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Gazi University Medical Faculty, between February 2006 and October 2015.

Results: Of the 41 patients included in this study, 51.