Traditional female cervical cauterization and risk of preterm birth in Somalia: a single-center prospective observational study.

Numerous traditional practices are both beneficial and harmful. Traditional harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation and traditional cervical cauterization, are carried out for a number of reasons but can have negative health and social effects. In addition to deeply held beliefs, a lack of knowledge and awareness of the consequences of these practices contributes to the persistence of these issues.

Does the pleth variability index have any predictive value for intraoperative respiratory problems in bariatric surgery?

Background/aim: We aimed to search the relationship between the preoperative PVI (pleth variability index) and intraoperative respiratory parameters to reveal whether PVI can be used as a prediction tool in bariatric surgery.

Materials And Methods: Forty patients undergoing bariatric surgery were included. Noninvasive pleth variability index measured via finger probe before induction of general anesthesia.

Electrochemical Detection of Melphalan in Biological Fluids Using a g-CN@ND-COOH@MoSe Modified Electrode Complemented by Molecular Docking Studies with Cellular Tumor Antigen P53.

Melphalan (Mel) is a potent alkylating agent utilized in chemotherapy treatments for a diverse range of malignancies. The need for its accurate and timely detection in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples is paramount to ensure optimized therapeutic efficacy and to monitor treatment progression. To address this critical need, our study introduced a cutting-edge electrochemical sensor.

Can chin-nape circumference and the ratio of neck circumference to chin-nape circumference predict difficult mask ventilation or difficult intubation in obese patients?

We aimed to evaluate the success of the ratio of chin-nape circumference (CNC) and neck circumference (NC) to CNC in predicting difficult mask ventilation (DMV) or difficult intubation (DI). Eighty-seven obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30) were evaluated between September 15, 2019 and September 15, 2020. Mallampati score, mouth opening, upper lip bite test, distance between incisors, thyromental distance (TMD), sternomental distance (SMD), and thyromental height were recorded.

Nanodiamond (ND)-Based ND@CuAlO@FeO electrochemical sensor for Tofacitinib detection: A unified approach to integrate experimental data with DFT and molecular docking.

Tofacitinib (TOF) is gaining recognition as a potent therapeutic agent for a variety of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Ensuring precise drug concentration control during treatment necessitates a rapid and sensitive detection method. This study introduces a novel electrochemical sensor employing a composite of nanodiamond (ND), copper aluminate spinel oxide (CuAlO), and iron (II, III) oxide (FeO) as modified materials for efficient TOF detection.

Computational insights into bis-N,N-dimethylaniline based D-π-A photosensitizers bearing divergent-type of π-linkers for DSSCs.

In this study, theoretically designed D-π-A derivatives containing different π-subunits as linkers were investigated to enlighten their potential applicability in photovoltaic applications. For this aim, we first focused on clarifying the effect of tailored π-linker scaffolds on the frontier orbital energies of the investigated photosensitizers. In the concomitant step, global descriptors, TiO adsorption, maximum absorbance wavelength, light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), energy conversion efficiency (η), short circuit current density (J), open circuit photovoltage (V), fill factor (FF), and reorganization energy (λ, λ, λ) values, electron density differentiation maps (EDDM), transition density matrices (TDM), fragmental contributions on electron-hole overlap were investigated in detail.

An Analysis of the Rate, Indications, and Associated Maternal Mortality for Cesarean Sections at a Tertiary Care Hospital, First Report from Somalia.

Background: There has been an increase in worldwide cesarean section rates, although they remain low in most Sub-Saharan African countries, including Somalia. The present is the first hospital-based study that analyzes the rate, indications, and associated maternal mortality of cesarean deliveries reported from Somalia.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data of all deliveries from 2015 to 2021 using electronic medical records in the hospital information system.

PIDA-mediated Oxidative Decarboxylation of Oxamic Acids. The Role of Radical Acidity Enhancement.

The PIDA-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids in the presence of alcohols is shown to afford the corresponding urethanes under thermal conditions. Computational and experimental mechanistic exploration allows to rationalize the different reactivity of PIDA as compared to related cyclic BI-OAc and highlights the importance of the enhanced acidity of the proton in the carbamoyl radical intermediate.

Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Pregnant Women.

Background: While the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus shows a decreasing trend globally, it is reported that the frequency of the infection and the associated mortality has increased in Somalia. HIV infection also plays an important role in maternal mortality and morbidity.

Objective: It is aimed to determine the HIV prevalence in pregnant women by observing the general population.

Frequency of cervical premalignant lesions in the gynecologic patients of a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 23 countries and the most common cause of death in 36 countries, mostly from Sub-Saharan African countries. Cervical screening is a key element to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Cancer screening is low in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, pancreatic lipase as well as tyrosinase inhibition evaluations and analysis of novel aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrids.

One of the primary purposes of this study is to synthesize new aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrid structures possessing divergent electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing functional groups. Following the improved reaction conditions, we successfully gathered ten distinct sulfonate derivatives () with good yields. The synthesized naphthalene-based sulfonate derivatives were then characterized using appropriate analytical methods (FT-IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis).

Correction: Oxamic acids: useful precursors of carbamoyl radicals.

Correction for 'Oxamic acids: useful precursors of carbamoyl radicals' by Ikechukwu Martin Ogbu , , 2022, , 7593-7607, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC01953A.

Comparison of two sedation protocols on intraocular pressure and hemodynamic responses during colonoscopy.

Objective: Colonoscopy is one of the most frequently performed interventional endoscopic procedures for diagnosis and treatment. During the procedure, the increase in intraabdominal pressure can cause undesirable spikes in intraocular pressure. In the literature, there are no studies on agent combinations that cause the least effect on intraocular pressure and hemodynamic response in colonoscopic procedures, which are performed more frequently in the elderly, the patient group at the greatest risk for glaucoma.

Oxamic acids: useful precursors of carbamoyl radicals.

This review article describes the recent development in the chemistry of carbamoyl radicals generated from oxamic acids. This mild and efficient method compares well with previous methods of generation of these nucleophilic radicals. The oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids can be mediated through thermal, photochemical, electrochemical or photoelectrochemical means, generating carbamoyl radicals, which may further add to unsaturated systems to provide a broad range of important amides.

Imidazole substituted Zinc(II) phthalocyanines for co-catalyst-free photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: influence of the anchoring group.

Novel zinc phthalocyanine derivatives, ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2, consisting of one and four imidazole units, respectively, have been synthesized and utilized as panchromatic photosensitizers for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical H evolution. The effect of the imidazole-anchoring group on the photocatalytic H production has been compared with ZnPc-3, which possesses a carboxylic acid unit as the anchoring group. ZnPc-1/TiO shows the best photoactivity with the highest H evolution rate of 0.

Urethanes synthesis from oxamic acids under electrochemical conditions.

Urethane synthesis via oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids under mild electrochemical conditions is reported. This simple phosgene-free route to urethanes involves an in situ generation of isocyanates by anodic oxidation of oxamic acids in an alcoholic medium. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of oxamic acids, including chiral ones, and alcohols furnishing the desired urethanes in a one-pot process without the use of a chemical oxidant.

Comparative cation sensing properties of a newly designed urea linked ferrocene-benzimidazole dyad: a DFT study.

Herein, our primary motivation was to elucidate the electronic and physicochemical properties of a novel molecular dyad consisting of ferrocene (Fc; electron donor), urea (u; linker), and amphoteric benzimidazole (BI; electron acceptor) entities. The sensor responses were investigated for various divalent transition metal cations (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and the selectivity of this cationophore molecule (Fc-u-BI) to copper ion (Cu) was demonstrated by using B3LYP/LANL2DZ method. According to the thermochemical calculations, we justified that Fc-u-BI⋯Cu reached to the lowest binding energy (∆E), enthalpy (∆H), and Gibbs free energy (∆G) changes.

Eosin-Mediated Alkylsulfonyl Cyanation of Olefins.

Eosin-Y (EY)-mediated alkylsulfonyl cyanation of olefins was shown to afford alkylsulfonyl nitriles in good yields. On the basis of transient absorption spectroscopy, the reaction was shown to proceed via photoinduced electron transfer from EY* to an O-cyanated derivative of the photocatalyst, formed in situ, with generation of the corresponding sulfinate that is oxidized by EY into a sulfonyl radical. Addition of the latter on the olefin, followed by a radical cyano group transfer, then furnished the nitrile along with a RSO radical sustaining the radical chain.

Effect of Uterine Fundal Pressure on Maternal Intraocular Pressure in Cesarean Delivery: Comparison of Regional and General Anesthesia.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes accompanying fundal pressure during a cesarean-section procedure under both regional and general anesthesia.

Methods: In total, 60 women scheduled for elective cesarean section, none of them diagnosed with ocular problems, were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent cesarean section under either general (group G, n=30) or regional anesthesia (group S, n=30) according to their choice.

Comparison of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: From the View of an Anesthesiologist.

Purpose: To determine the differences among the hemodynamics, neuroendocrine stress response (NESR), and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of pain between the procedures of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for lower pole kidney stones.

Patients And Methods: Fifty-six patients undergoing RIRS and PNL with lower puncture approach, under general anesthesia, were prospectively enrolled in our study. Perioperative blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) values were recorded at intervals.

[Intrathecal bupivacaine and allergic reaction].

By inhibiting sodium channels, local anesthetics (LAs) prevent sodium entering the cell and inhibit cellular depolarization. Although undesired drug reactions caused by LA usage are common, real allergic reactions are rare. The objective of this study was to discuss allergic reactions developing after application of spinal anesthetic.

Propofol-ketamine combination: a choice with less complications and better hemodynamic stability compared to propofol? On a prospective study in a group of colonoscopy patients.

Background And Aims: In this study, we compared duration for reaching desired Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) and postoperative recovery according to Modified Aldrete Score (MAS) of propofol and propofol-ketamine combination in a group of colonoscopy patients. Rates of cardiovascular, respiratory, laryngospasm, visual and nausea/vomiting complications were also compared as secondary outcomes.

Methods: This is a double-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial.

[Effect of intraoperative esmolol infusion on anesthetic, analgesic requirements and postoperative nausea-vomitting in a group of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients].

Purpose: Postoperative pain and nausea/vomitting (PNV) are common in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Sympatholytic agents might decrease requirements for intravenous or inhalation anesthetics and opioids. In this study we aimed to analyze effects of esmolol on intraoperative anesthetic-postoperative analgesic requirements, postoperative pain and PNV.

Perinatal outcomes of idiopathic polyhydramnios.

Objective: To investigate the perinatal outcomes of cases with idiopathic polyhydramnios.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of 160 singleton pregnancies that were under routine surveillance at the department of obstetrics from 2008 to 2010 was performed to assess perinatal outcomes. Finally, 59 cases were included as idiopathic polyhydramnios, and 101 cases were included as controls.