The poor health of deep-water species in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate: will populations of Molva species rebuild or collapse?

Many deep-water fish populations, being K-selected species, have little resilience to overexploitation and may be at serious risk of depletion as a consequence. Sea warming represents an additional threat. In this study, the condition, or health, of several populations of common ling (Molva molva), blue ling (Molva dypterygia) and Mediterranean or Spanish ling (Molva macrophthalma) inhabiting different areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean was evaluated, to shed light on the challenges these deep-water species are facing in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate.

Interactions between IGF-I, estrogen receptor-α (ERα), and ERβ in regulating growth/apoptosis of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Understanding of the interactions between estradiol (E₂) and IGF-I is still incomplete. Cell lines derived from the MCF-7 breast cancer cells were generated with suppressed expression of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), termed IGF-IR.low cells, by stable transfection using small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression vector.

Tumorigenicity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells lacking the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase.

We have generated cell lines with significantly reduced expression of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), Min-p38 MAPK cells, and used these cells to investigate p38 MAPK's role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were stably transfected with a plasmid producing small interfering RNA that inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK. Control cells were stably transfected with the same plasmid producing non-interfering RNA.

Tamoxifen inhibition of estrogen receptor-alpha-negative mouse mammary tumorigenesis.

Tamoxifen reduces the relative risk of breast cancer developing from specific premalignant lesions. Many breast cancers that arise after tamoxifen treatment are estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha)-negative, although premalignant lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia are highly ER-alpha-positive. The p53 null mouse mammary epithelial transplant model is characterized by ER-alpha-positive premalignant lesions that give rise to both ER-alpha-positive and ER-alpha-negative tumors.

Mammary tumorigenesis in growth hormone deficient spontaneous dwarf rats; effects of hormonal treatments.

This study was carried out to investigate mammary tumorigenesis in growth hormone (GH) deficient spontaneous dwarf rats (SDR). At 50-60 days of age, the rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 received bovine (b) GH (prolonged release formulation) administered at a dose of 40-50 mg/kg body wt.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I obliterates the pregnancy-associated protection against mammary carcinogenesis in rats: evidence that IGF-I enhances cancer progression through estrogen receptor-alpha activation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Introduction: Pregnancy protects against breast cancer development in humans and rats. Parous rats have persistently reduced circulating levels of growth hormone, which may affect the activity of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis. We investigated the effects of IGF-I on parity-associated protection against mammary cancer.

Prevention of mammary carcinogenesis by short-term estrogen and progestin treatments.

Introduction: Women who have undergone a full-term pregnancy before the age of 20 have one-half the risk of developing breast cancer compared with women who have never gone through a full-term pregnancy. This protective effect is observed universally among women of all ethnic groups. Parity in rats and mice also protects them against chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis.

Persistent mammary hyperplasia in FVB/N mice.

The inbred FVB/N mouse strain is widely used for creating transgenic mice. Over the past decade, persistent mammary hyperplasia has been detected in many multiparous FVB/N female mice sent to the University of California, Davis (UCD) Mutant Mouse Pathology Laboratory (MMPL) by a number of different laboratories. However, the experimental details concerning most specimens were not always available.

Spontaneous pituitary abnormalities and mammary hyperplasia in FVB/NCr mice: implications for mouse modeling.

The FVB/N mouse strain is widely used in the generation of transgenic mouse models. We have observed that mammary glands of wild-type virgin female FVB/NCr mice frequently have the morphologic and histologic appearance of a gland during pregnancy. By 13 months of age, the mammary glands of more than 40% of the mice examined had lobuloalveolar hyperplasia that was characterized by the presence of secretory alveoli and distended ducts apparently containing secretory material.