Introduction: Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have an increased likelihood of developing tuberculosis (TB). The primary objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of microscopy, culture, and the Xpert /Rifampicin (MTB/RIF) assay in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in sputum samples of HIV-infected patients. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these three methods along with a comparison of diagnostic approaches for detecting drug-resistant strains.
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