Synthesis of Enantiostructured Triacylglycerol Prodrugs Constituting an Active Drug Located at Terminal -1 and -3 Positions of the Glycerol Backbone.

The current paper reports the asymmetric synthesis of a focused library of enantiostructured triacylglycerols (TAGs) constituting a potent drug of the NSAID type (ibuprofen or naproxen) along with a pure bioactive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intended as a novel type of prodrug. In this second category, a TAG prodrug of the terminal -1 or -3 position of the glycerol skeleton is acylated with a single saturated medium-chain fatty acid (C6, C8, C10, or C12), and another with the drug entity; the PUFA (EPA or DHA) is located in the -2 position. This was accomplished by a six-step chemoenzymatic approach, two of which were promoted by a lipase, starting from enantiopure ()- and ()-solketals.

Nursing contribution to end-of-life care decision-making in patients with neurological diseases on an acute hospital ward: documentation of signs and symptoms.

Background: Recognizing impending death in patients with neurological diseases presents challenges for nurses and other healthcare professionals. This study aimed to identify nursing contribution to end-of-life (EOL) care decision-making for patients with neurological diseases in an acute hospital ward and to compare signs and symptoms among subgroups of patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 209 patient health records using the Neurological End-Of-Life Care Assessment Tool to evaluate the care in the last 3 to 7 days of life.

An Infant Diet Score Based on Health Records Is Associated With BMI: A Nationwide Mother-Child Cohort Study in Iceland (ICE-MCH).

Nationwide health records provide innovative research opportunities. The aim of this study was to describe infant feeding in the first year of life amongst all infants in Iceland born January 2009 to June 2015 (N = 30,623), explore the feasibility of creating a composite infant diet score (IDS) for the period 0-12 months in a subset of infants with complete records from routine nutrition monitoring (n = 12,848), and examine its associations with BMI-for-age z-score (BMIz) at 12 and 18 months, maternal and birth characteristics. Recorded dietary variables included breastfeeding (> 90% at 2-3 weeks); exclusive breastfeeding (13% at 6 months); introduction of cow's milk (26% at 12 months); introduction of porridges, fruit/vegetables, meat, and fish (> 50% received ≥ one of those at 5 months); vitamin D supplements (95% at 12 months).

[Stroke and vegetations on cardiac valves - Case report].

Ischemic stroke is a common disease that can stem from multiple different causes, some of which are uncommon. A 43 year old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome visited the emergency department due to dysarthria and was diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed a mass on the mitral valve.

[Improved glycemic control of children and youth with type 1 diabetes in Iceland in 2008-2022].

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells causing hyperglycemia. Insulin treatment targeting euglycemia mitigates complications. This study aims to assess glycemic control in Icelandic children with diabetes over the past 14 years and examine the impact of a semi-automatic insulin pump.

Coordination of PPh with a [MoO(μ-S)] Phosphinoyldithioformate Complex and Its Influence on Episulfide Sulfur Abstraction.

Phosphinoyldithioformate ligands in binuclear molybdenum-sulfur complexes offer a synergistic environment for sulfur transfer (SAT) reactions. Relevant complex, , and its SCN derivative, as two salts and were formed. Reactions of , and with cyclohexene sulfide (CS), styrene sulfide (SS), and propylene sulfide (PS) were studied.

Exploring the complexities of chronic pain: The ICEPAIN study on prevalence, lifestyle factors, and quality of life in a general population.

Objectives: The ICEPAIN study is a longitudinal research project focused on building an extensive database on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lifestyle, and pain among the general population in Iceland. The project started with a cross-sectional data collection and will be followed by similar data collection after 5 and 10 years from participants who have agreed to be contacted again. In this article, descriptive data on the prevalence and nature of chronic pain in the Icelandic general population will be presented in relation to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, adverse life experiences, and HRQoL.

Medication-induced causes of delirium in patients with and without dementia: a systematic review of published neurology guidelines.

Background: While medication is a recognized risk factor of delirium, there is currently a lack of detailed information on managing and preventing medication-induced cases.

Aim: This review summarizes the information provided in neurology guidelines on medication-induced delirium in patients with and without dementia to inform guidance on prevention and management strategies.

Method: A systematic literature review was conducted across 114 neurological and medical organisations, Guideline Central and PubMed.

Feasibility, acceptability, usability and quality of life levels in post-stroke patients undergoing telerehabilitation: Results from a multicentric pilot study.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an integrated multi-domain telerehabilitation (TR) system in stroke patients and to observe whether there are changes in the quality of life (QoL) levels of patients undergoing TR treatments.

Methods: Patients were enrolled for a longitudinal multicentric pilot study conducted in six Italian research hospitals (IRCCS). The primary outcome was the feasibility of an integrated TR system, assessed by calculating treatment adherence and by collecting data from the Technology Acceptance Model and the System Usability Scale (SUS).

A scalable CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system facilitates CRISPR screens in the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei.

Many Plasmodium genes remain uncharacterized due to low genetic tractability. Previous large-scale knockout screens have only been able to target about half of the genome in the more genetically tractable rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a scalable CRISPR system called P.

Mental health and sociodemographic influences during COVID-19: Longitudinal findings from Iceland.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced numerous stressors and challenges that have had profound implications for mental health. This study examined the effects of the pandemic on mental health among Icelandic adults (n = 1766), using longitudinal survey data spanning three waves of data collection from 2019 to 2022. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress increased from the beginning of the pandemic to the second time point, approximately one year into the pandemic, coinciding with reductions in happiness and social support.

Impact of hysterectomy on opioid use in patients with adenomyosis: A nationwide register study.

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding are the most common symptoms in adenomyosis, in addition to infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Hysterectomy is a common treatment for adenomyosis symptoms with curative effect on heavy menstrual bleeding but with less studied effects on pain reduction.

Material And Methods: This is a nationwide retrospective register-based cohort study including all hysterectomized patients with pathology-verified adenomyosis between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2015 with a long-term follow-up three years pre- and three years postoperatively.

Enhancing the effect of rehabilitation on multiple sclerosis: A randomized clinical trial investigating the impact of remotely-supervised transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality telerehabilitation training.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease characterized by balance and gait impairment, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as an effective intervention for managing these symptoms.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of remotely supervised tDCS (RS-tDCS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in conjunction with a telerehabilitation (TR) program, on motor (balance and gait), cognitive (executive functions), and participation outcomes (fatigue, anxiety, depression, and quality of life) in persons with MS (pwMS).

Parents' Need for Support From Family and Friends During Their Preterm Infants' Hospitalisation: A Cross-National Qualitative Study.

Aim: To explore the need for support from family and friends among parents of preterm infants within neonatal intensive care.

Design: A cross-national qualitative study.

Methods: In autumn 2019, 73 parents of preterm infants hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden were interviewed.

Environmental Conditions Modulate Warming Effects on Plant Litter Decomposition Globally.

Empirical studies worldwide show that warming has variable effects on plant litter decomposition, leaving the overall impact of climate change on decomposition uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis of 109 experimental warming studies across seven continents, using natural and standardised plant material, to assess the overarching effect of warming on litter decomposition and identify potential moderating factors. We determined that at least 5.

A mediastinal angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma radically resected with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and transection of the ascending aorta.

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumour that rarely behaves malignant. We report a radical resection of a mediastinal angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, which grew invasively into the pulmonary artery wall, was adherent to the posterior aorta and close to the main stem of the left coronary artery. A transection of the aorta was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest for a safe and radical removal that resulted in symptom relief.

Approaching hypercalcemia in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: insights from the iStopMM screening study.

Hypercalcemia in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) presents a clinical challenge because it may indicate progression to multiple myeloma (MM) but could also be due to a multitude of unrelated disorders. To inform the approach to this clinical challenge, we conducted a nested cohort study within the Iceland Screens, Treats, or Prevents Multiple Myeloma screening study. Of the 75 422 Icelanders aged 40 years and above who underwent screening for MGUS, we included 2546 with MGUS who were in active follow-up, including regular serum calcium measurements.

Ultrasound guided microwave ablation treatment of uterine fibroids: Clinical response and patient acceptability.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of ultrasound guided microwave ablation for treating symptoms related to uterine fibroids.

Material And Methods: This was a prospective interventional study. Patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids were included at Danderyd Hospital, Sweden, from January 2020 to August 2023.

[Termination of pregnancy. Methods, results, and complications].

Introduction: Medical treatment for termination of pregnancy in the first trimester of pregnancy was first introduced in 2006 at Landspitali. This new method, which replaced surgery, slowly gained ground and now most abortions in Iceland are medically induced. It is therefore appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this method.

Study of glucose homeostasis in burnout cases using an oral glucose tolerance test.

Burnout is caused by long term psychosocial stress and has, besides the fatigue and mental health burden, been associated with increased risk of adverse physical health, such as for example type 2 diabetes. This study aims to investigate the glucose and insulin levels in individuals with stress related burnout, by assessing these metabolic markers in response to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 38 cases with burnout (13 men and 25 women) and 35 healthy controls (13 men and 22 women) in the age 24-55 were included in the study.

Synthesis of Enantiostructured Triacylglycerols Possessing a Saturated Fatty Acid, a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and an Active Drug Intended as Novel Prodrugs.

This report describes the asymmetric synthesis of a focused library of enantiopure structured triacylglycerols (TAGs) comprised of a single saturated fatty acid (C6, C8, C10, C12, C14 or C16), a pure bioactive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA or DHA) and a potent drug (ibuprofen or naproxen) intended as a novel type of prodrug. One of the terminal -1 or -3 positions of the glycerol backbone is occupied with a saturated fatty, the remaining one with a PUFA, and the drug entity is present in the -2 position. This was accomplished by a six-step chemoenzymatic approach starting from enantiopure ()- and ()-solketals.

Goose grubbing and warming suppress summer net ecosystem CO uptake differentially across high-Arctic tundra habitats.

Environmental changes, such as climate warming and higher herbivory pressure, are altering the carbon balance of Arctic ecosystems; yet, how these drivers modify the carbon balance among different habitats remains uncertain. This hampers our ability to predict changes in the carbon sink strength of tundra ecosystems. We investigated how spring goose grubbing and summer warming-two key environmental-change drivers in the Arctic-alter CO fluxes in three tundra habitats varying in soil moisture and plant-community composition.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis links hidradenitis suppurativa to common and rare sequence variants causing disruption of the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Background: The contributions of genetic and environmental risk factors to hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are both poorly understood.

Objective: To identify sequence variants that associate with HS and determine the contribution of environmental risk factors and inflammatory diseases to HS pathogenesis.

Methods: A genome-wide association meta-analysis of 4814 HS cases (Denmark: 1977; Iceland: 1266; Finland: 800; UK: 569; and US: 202) and 1.