Multiple lymphatic-venous anastomoses (MLVA) for microsurgical drainage of primary peno-scrotal lymphedema: A case report.

Single site Multiple Lymphatic-Venous Anastomoses (MLVA) provides optimal functional and cosmetic results with low complication rates in treatment of lower limb lymphedema. However, no evidence exists in literature concerning the use of this technique in treatment of peno-scrotal lymphedema. We report a case of a 44-year-old male patient who developed secondary peno-scrotal lymphedema with severe lymphorrhea, following a laser treatment for scrotal pustolosis, leading to recurrent infections and finally an established peno-scrotal lymphedema.

The Functional Impairment of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha 1 Isoform Mutants Is Mainly Dictated by Reduced Ligand Sensitivity.

Thyroid hormone (TH) acts on TH receptors (TRs) and regulates gene transcription by binding of TRs to TH response elements (TREs) in target gene promoters. The transcriptional activity of TRs is modulated by interactions with TR-coregulatory proteins. Mutations in TRα cause resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα).

Macrophagic myofasciitis-associated dysfunctioning: An update of neuropsychological and neuroimaging features.

Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) syndrome is a subtype of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) or Shoenfeld's syndrome, characterized by the presence of stereotyped inflammatory lesions at muscle biopsy attesting the long-term persistence of aluminum hydroxide particles at the site of previous immunization. Most frequently reported symptoms are chronic arthromyalgias and fatigue and cognitive complaint. MMF-associated cognitive disorder (MACD) is characterized by the dysfunctioning of attention, executive functions, short-term term and long-term memory, and, in some instances, left ear extinction.

First in-human radiation dosimetry of the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor antagonist Ga-NODAGA-MJ9.

Background: Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists have promise in theranostics of several highly incident tumours, including prostate and breast. This study presents the first human dosimetry of Ga-NODAGA-MJ9 in the first five consecutive patients with recurrent prostate cancer included in a dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) protocol. Five male patients with biochemical relapse of prostate adenocarcinoma underwent four whole-body time-of-flight PET/CT scans within 2 h after tracer injection.

Physiological Whole-Brain Distribution of [F]FDOPA Uptake Index in Relation to Age and Gender: Results from a Voxel-Based Semi-quantitative Analysis.

Purpose: 6-[F]fluoro-L-DOPA ([F]FDOPA), a positron emission tomography (PET) amino-acid tracer of brain decarboxylase activity, is used to assess the brain dopaminergic system. Using a voxel-based semi-quantitative analysis, this study aimed to determine whether a current brain uptake index of [F]FDOPA, expressed relative to the occipital background level, varies according to age and gender.

Procedures: One hundred and seventy-seven subjects were retrospectively included.

Voxel-based 18F-FET PET segmentation and automatic clustering of tumor voxels: A significant association with IDH1 mutation status and survival in patients with gliomas.

Introduction: Aim was to develop a full automatic clustering approach of the time-activity curves (TAC) from dynamic 18F-FET PET and evaluate its association with IDH1 mutation status and survival in patients with gliomas.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 45±13 y) with newly diagnosed gliomas and dynamic 18F-FET PET before any histopathologic investigation or treatment were retrospectively included. Each dynamic 18F-FET PET was realigned to the first image and spatially normalized in the Montreal Neurological Institute template.

Intramuscular Follicular Lymphoma.

We present an interesting image of a painless growing mass of the right arm in a 76-year-old man. A musculoskeletal MRI of the right arm showed a 7.5 × 3-cm homogeneous, well-defined mass, elongated along the course of muscle fascias and independent of the adjacent bone.

Automatic lesion detection and segmentation of 18F-FET PET in gliomas: A full 3D U-Net convolutional neural network study.

Introduction: Amino-acids positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly used in the diagnostic workup of patients with gliomas, including differential diagnosis, evaluation of tumor extension, treatment planning and follow-up. Recently, progresses of computer vision and machine learning have been translated for medical imaging. Aim was to demonstrate the feasibility of an automated 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET lesion detection and segmentation relying on a full 3D U-Net Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).

Total metabolic tumor volume, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA: distinct prognostic value in follicular lymphoma.

Outcomes for follicular lymphoma (FL) have greatly improved, but most patients will ultimately relapse. High total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), computed from baseline F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET), is associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS), but circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may also reflect tumor burden and be of prognostic value. The aim of our study was to correlate CTCs and cfDNA with TMTV in FL at diagnosis and to determine their prognostic values.

Testicular Estrogen-Secreting Leydig Cell Tumor in 18F-FDG PET/CT: An Incidental Detection in a Patient Treated by Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma.

We present images of a 50-year-old man who referred for treatment of a classic Hodgkin lymphoma. While F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a complete metabolic remission after chemotherapy, an increased F-FDG uptake of a right testicular lesion in F-FDG PET/CT and an unexplained bilateral gynecomastia were observed. A benign Leydig cell tumor was histopathologically proved after a right radical orchiectomy.

Evaluation of factors influencing F-FET uptake in the brain.

PET using the amino-acid O-(2-F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (F-FET) is gaining increasing interest for brain tumour management. Semi-quantitative analysis of tracer uptake in brain tumours is based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) and the tumour-to-brain ratio (TBR). The aim of this study was to explore physiological factors that might influence the relationship of SUV of F-FET uptake in various brain areas, and thus affect quantification of F-FET uptake in brain tumours.

Increased circulating interleukin-8 in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone receptor α.

Innate immune cells have recently been identified as novel thyroid hormone (TH) target cells in which intracellular TH levels appear to play an important functional role. The possible involvement of TH receptor alpha (TRα), which is the predominant TR in these cells, has not been studied to date. Studies in TRα mice suggest a role for this receptor in innate immune function.

Cognitive dysfunction associated with aluminum hydroxide-induced macrophagic myofasciitis: A reappraisal of neuropsychological profile.

Patients with macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) present with diffuse arthromyalgias, chronic fatigue, and cognitive disorder. Representative features of MMF-associated cognitive dysfunction include attentional dysfunction, dysexecutive syndrome, visual memory deficit and left ear extinction. Our study aims to reevaluate the neuropsychological profile of MMF.

High-dose transdermal nicotine in Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint evaluation phase 2 study.

Background And Purpose: Studies of the effects of nicotine on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) brought out discordant results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high doses of transdermal nicotine on motor symptoms in PD.

Methods: Forty PD patients were randomly assigned to a treated and untreated arm in an open-label study.

Predictive value of brain 18F-FDG PET/CT in macrophagic myofasciitis?: A case report.

Rationale: Although several functional studies have demonstrated that positron emission tomography/computed tomography with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG PET/CT) appears to be efficient to identify a cerebral substrate in patients with known macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), the predictive value of this imaging technique for MMF remains unclear.

Patient Concerns: We presented data and images of a 46-year-old woman.

Diagnoses: The patient was referred to our center for suspected MMF due to diffuse arthromyalgias and cognitive disorder (involving an impairment of visual selective attention and a weakness in executive functions revealed by neuropsychological assessment) which occurred few years after last vaccine injections.

Role of the Bile Acid Transporter SLC10A1 in Liver Targeting of the Lipid-Lowering Thyroid Hormone Analog Eprotirome.

The thyroid hormone (TH) analog eprotirome (KB2115) was developed to lower cholesterol through selective activation of the TH receptor (TR) β1 in the liver. Interestingly, eprotirome shows low uptake in nonhepatic tissues, explaining its lipid-lowering action without adverse extrahepatic thyromimetic effects. Clinical trials have shown marked decreases in serum cholesterol levels.

Anemia in Patients With Resistance to Thyroid Hormone α: A Role for Thyroid Hormone Receptor α in Human Erythropoiesis.

Context: Patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (TH) α (RTHα) are characterized by growth retardation, macrocephaly, constipation, and abnormal thyroid function tests. In addition, almost all RTHα patients have mild anemia, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. Animal studies suggest an important role for TH and TH receptor (TR)α in erythropoiesis.

Cerebral 18F-FDG PET in macrophagic myofasciitis: An individual SVM-based approach.

Introduction: Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is an emerging condition with highly specific myopathological alterations. A peculiar spatial pattern of a cerebral glucose hypometabolism involving occipito-temporal cortex and cerebellum have been reported in patients with MMF; however, the full pattern is not systematically present in routine interpretation of scans, and with varying degrees of severity depending on the cognitive profile of patients. Aim was to generate and evaluate a support vector machine (SVM) procedure to classify patients between healthy or MMF 18F-FDG brain profiles.

Resistance to Thyroid Hormone due to Heterozygous Mutations in Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha.

Background: Thyroid hormone (TH) acts via nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). TR isoforms (TRα1, TRα2, TRβ1, TRβ2) are encoded by distinct genes (THRA and THRB) and show differing tissue distributions. Patients with mutations in THRB, exhibiting resistance within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis with elevated TH and nonsuppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, were first described decades ago.

Apical sparing pattern of left ventricular myocardial Tc-HMDP uptake in patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

Background: A decreased longitudinal strain in basal segments with a base-to-apex gradient has been described in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).

Objectives: Aim was to investigate the left ventricular (LV) regional distribution of early-phase Tc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (Tc-HMDP) uptake in patients with transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA).

Methods: All patients underwent a whole-body planar Tc-HMDP scintigraphy acquired at 10-min post-injection (early-phase) followed by a thorax SPECT/CT.

F-FDG PET/CT predicts survival after Y transarterial radioembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To compare the value of pretreatment functional and morphological imaging parameters for predicting survival in patients undergoing transarterial radioembolization using yttrium-90 (Y-TARE) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).

Methods: We analysed data from 48 patients in our prospective database undergoing Y-TARE treatment for uHCC (31 resin, 17 glass). All patients underwent F-FDG PET/CT and morphological imaging (CT and MRI scans) as part of a pretherapeutic work-up.

Resin Versus Glass Microspheres for Y Transarterial Radioembolization: Comparing Survival in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Pretreatment Partition Model Dosimetry.

The aim of this study was to compare survival of patients treated for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) with Y transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using pretreatment partition model dosimetry (PMD). We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 77 patients consecutively treated (mean age ± SD, 66.4 ± 12.

Early-phase myocardial uptake intensity of Tc-HMDP vs Tc-DPD in patients with hereditary transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis.

Background: This study sought to compare the intensity of early-phase myocardial uptake of two phosphonate-based radiotracers, Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) and Tc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD), in patients with hereditary transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA).

Methods: Six patients with biopsy-proven diagnosis of TTR-CA and characteristic amyloid fibril composition underwent early-phase Tc-HMDP myocardial scintigraphy as part of their routine workup; they were later assessed by Tc-DPD scintigraphy after having signed informed written consent. Heart-to-mediastinum-ratio was measured at both time points as well as regional distribution on 17-segment analysis.