European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines for antimicrobial use in canine acute diarrhoea.

Acute diarrhoea is a common presentation in dogs, and a common reason for antimicrobial prescription and nutraceutical use. This evidence-based guideline provides recommendations for antimicrobial and probiotic treatment of canine acute diarrhoea (CAD). A multidisciplinary panel developed the recommendations by adhering to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.

The intrinsic macrolide resistome of .

Intrinsic resistance to macrolides in Gram-negative bacteria is primarily attributed to the low permeability of the outer membrane, though the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we used transposon directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) to identify chromosomal non-essential genes involved in intrinsic resistance to a macrolide antibiotic, tilmicosin. We constructed two highly saturated transposon mutant libraries of >290,000 and >390,000 unique Tn5 insertions in a clinical enterotoxigenic strain (ETEC5621) and in a laboratory strain (K-12 MG1655), respectively.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of nitrofurantoin against Escherichia coli in a murine urinary tract infection model.

The antimicrobial agent nitrofurantoin is becoming increasingly important for treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Despite many years of use, little data on nitrofurantoin pharmacokinetics (PK) or -dynamics (PD) exist. The objective of this study was to (i) evaluate the pharmacokinetics of nitrofurantoin in a mouse model and (ii) use that data to design an in vivo dose fractionation study in an experimental model of UTI with E.

A LAMP point-of-care test to guide antimicrobial choice for treatment of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pyoderma in dogs.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common cause of pyoderma in dogs. We validated a point-of-care (PoC) test based on colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid S. pseudintermedius identification and susceptibility testing for first line antimicrobials for systemic treatment of canine pyoderma, i.

Efficacy of antimicrobial and nutraceutical treatment for canine acute diarrhoea: A systematic review and meta-analysis for European Network for Optimization of Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines.

Systemic antimicrobial treatments are commonly prescribed to dogs with acute diarrhoea, while nutraceuticals (prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) are frequently administered as an alternative treatment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobials and nutraceutical preparations for treatment of canine acute diarrhoea (CAD). The results of this study will be used to create evidence-based treatment guidelines.

Genetic background of neomycin resistance in clinical isolated from Danish pig farms.

Neomycin is the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of porcine enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic . Resistance to this aminoglycoside is on the rise after the increased use of neomycin due to the ban on zinc oxide. We identified the neomycin resistance determinants and plasmid contents in a historical collection of 128 neomycin-resistant clinical isolates from Danish pig farms.

Cystitis: significant associations between pathology, histology, and quantitative bacteriology in sows, a cross-sectional study.

Background: The importance of cystitis in pig production is controversial and sparse information is available on its frequency and etiology in sows. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria, macroscopical and histological lesions of the urinary bladder in culled sows. Urinary bladders and urine samples were obtained from 176 culled sows at slaughter.

LptD depletion disrupts morphological homeostasis and upregulates carbohydrate metabolism in .

In a previous study, we identified an essential outer membrane protein (LptD) as an attractive target for development of novel antibiotics. Here, we characterized the effects of LptD depletion on physiology and morphology. An CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) strain was constructed to allow control of expression.

Prevalence and Types of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Retail Seafood.

To assess prevalence and types of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in retail seafood. A literature review was completed according to international guidelines for systematic reviews, except for being performed by a single reviewer. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to determine statistical differences between continents or seafood types.

Dogs Can Be Reservoirs of Strains Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Human Household Contacts.

This study aimed to investigate the role played by pets as reservoirs of strains causing human urinary tract infections (UTIs) in household contacts. Among 119 patients with community-acquired UTIs, we recruited 19 patients who lived with a dog or a cat. Fecal swabs from the household pet(s) were screened by antimicrobial selective culture to detect displaying the resistance profile of the human strain causing UTI.

Quality of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid oral formulations for intended veterinary use in the UK, Malaysia, Serbia and Thailand.

Objectives: Amoxicillin/clavulanate is the most commonly used oral antimicrobial drug in companion animals. The objective of the study was to detect types and frequency of deficits in the quality of veterinary oral formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanate in various countries.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective study with purposive sampling, amoxicillin/clavulanate tablet formulations for canine use were collected in four countries (wholesalers or veterinary practice) and shipped to a central bioanalytical laboratory.

In vitro and in vivo susceptibility to cefalexin and amoxicillin/clavulanate in canine low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) lineages harbouring staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec types IV, V and ΨSCCmec57395 usually display low oxacillin MICs (0.5-2 mg/L).

Objectives: To evaluate how oxacillin MICs correlate with PBP mutations and susceptibility to β-lactams approved for veterinary use.

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of CRH-1, a Carbapenemase from Chromobacterium haemolyticum Related to KPC β-Lactamases.

KPC-2 is one of the most relevant serine-carbapenemases among the carbapenem-resistant We previously isolated from the environmental species Chromobacterium haemolyticum a class A CRH-1 β-lactamase displaying 69% amino acid sequence identity with KPC-2. The objective of this study was to analyze the kinetic behavior and crystallographic structure of this β-lactamase. Our results showed that CRH-1 can hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins (except ceftazidime), and carbapenems with similar efficacy compared to KPC-2.

Neomycin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli from Danish weaner pigs is associated with recent neomycin use and presence of F4 or F18 fimbriaes.

Neomycin is a first-choice antibiotic for treatment of porcine enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), but little is known about factors influencing resistance to this drug. The aims of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance and virulence in 325 E. coli isolates obtained in 2020 from various infections in pigs, and to identify factors associated with neomycin resistance development.

Bacterial topography of the upper and lower respiratory tract in pigs.

Background: Understanding the complex structures and interactions of the bacterial communities inhabiting the upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract of pigs is at an early stage. The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial topography of three URT (nostrils, choana, and tonsils) and LRT (proximal trachea, left caudal lobe and secondary bronchi) sites in pigs. Thirty-six post-mortem samples from six pigs were analysed by 16S rRNA gene quantification and sequencing, and the microbiota in nostrils and trachea was additionally profiled by shotgun sequencing.

Efficacy of natural antimicrobial peptides versus peptidomimetic analogues: a systematic review.

This systematic review was carried out to determine whether synthetic peptidomimetics exhibit significant advantages over antimicrobial peptides in terms of potency. Structural features - molecular weight, charge and length - were examined for correlations with activity. Original research articles reporting minimum inhibitory concentration  values against , indexed until 31 December 2020, were searched in PubMed/ScienceDirect/Google Scholar and evaluated using mixed-effects models.

A Meta-Analysis to Estimate Prevalence of Resistance to Tetracyclines and Third Generation Cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Food Crops.

Application of human and animal waste to fields and water sources and on-farm antimicrobial usage are documented contributors to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in agricultural domains. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (TET) and third generation cephalosporins (3GC) in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from food crops. TET was selected in view of its wide use in agriculture, whereas 3GC were selected because of the public health concerns of reported resistance to these critically important antibiotics in the environment.

Impact of the Gram-Negative-Selective Inhibitor MAC13243 on In Vitro Simulated Gut Microbiota.

New Gram-negative-selective antimicrobials are desirable to avoid perturbations in the gut microbiota leading to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. We investigated the impact of a prototype drug (MAC13243) interfering with the Gram-negative outer membrane protein LolA on the faecal microbiota. Faecal suspensions from two healthy human donors were exposed to MAC13243 (16, 32, or 64 mg/L) using an in vitro gut model (CoMiniGut).

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: kept fish species.

In this Opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of certain kept fish species have been assessed. Atlantic salmon (), carp ( spp.), rainbow trout (), sea bream () and tilapia ( spp.

One Health Genomic Study of Human and Animal Isolated at Diagnostic Laboratories on a Small Caribbean Island.

causes a variety of infections in both humans and animals. In this study, we characterised the genomes of human and animal isolates from two diagnostic laboratories on St. Kitts, a small Caribbean island inhabited by a large population of vervet monkeys.

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Poultry.

In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to poultry health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion.

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine.

In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of pigs have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion.