The associations of chronic pain and 24-h movement behaviors with incident mental disorders: evidence from a large-scale cohort study.

Background: Chronic pain was associated with a higher risk of mental disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety).

Sensorless LC Filter Implementation for Permanent Magnet Machine Drive Using Observer-Based Voltage and Current Estimation.

For pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter drives, an LC filter can cascade to a permanent magnet (PM) machine at inverter output to reduce PWM-reflected current harmonics. Because the LC filter causes resonance, the filter output current and voltage are required for the sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) drive. However, existing sensors and inverters are typically integrated inside commercial closed-form drives; it is not possible for these drives to obtain additional filter output signals.

Enhancing electron collection efficiency and effective diffusion length in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy are employed to measure the dynamics of electron transport and recombination in the ZnO nanowire (NW) array-ZnO/layered basic zinc acetate (LBZA) nanoparticle (NP) composite dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The roles of the vertical ZnO NWs and insulating LBZA in the electron collection and transport in DSSCs are investigated by comparing the results to those in the TiO(2)-NP, horizontal TiO(2)-NW and vertical ZnO-NW-array DSSCs. The electron transport rate and electron lifetime in the ZnO NW/NP composite DSSC are superior to those in the conventional TiO(2)-NP cell due to the existence of the vertical ZnO NWs and insulating LBZA.

Performance and electron transport properties of TiO(2) nanocomposite dye-sensitized solar cells.

TiO(2) nanowire (NW)/nanoparticle (NP) composite films have been fabricated by hybridizing various ratios of hydrothermal anatase NWs and TiO(2) NPs for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that uniform NW/NP composite films were formed on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by the dip-coating method. The NWs are randomly but neither vertically nor horizontally oriented within the composite film.