The mechanisms of resistance, epidemiological characteristics, and molecular evolution of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) is a highly pathogenic, drug-resistant, and transmissible "superbug" that causes infections in hospitals and communities. Because of the lack of effective antimicrobial treatment options, morbidity and mortality from CR-hvKP infections have increased dramatically, and outbreaks and the rapid spread of CR-hvKP in hospitals have become a major global public health challenge.

Methods: The mechanisms of molecular evolution in CR-hvKP include the acquisition of a hypervirulent plasmid encoding a virulence gene by carbapenemase-producing K pneumoniae, the horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying carbapenem resistance genes to hvKP, and the acquisition of fusion plasmids carrying both carbapenem resistance genes and hypervirulent genes by classic K pneumoniae.

Enhanced Hot/Free Electron Effect for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Based on 3D/2D Graphene/MXene Composite.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting represents a promising strategy to store solar energy as chemical energy. Current photocatalysts primarily focus on traditional semiconductor materials, such as metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, g-CN, etc. However, these materials often suffer from large bandgap and fast charge recombination, which limit sunlight utilization and result in unsatisfactory photon conversion efficiency.

A Novel Coating-Extrusion Method Enabled, High Energy, Power Density, and Scalable Production in Monolithically Integrated Energy Storage Fibers.

The rise of wearable electronics demands flexible energy storage solutions like flexible fiber energy storage devices (FESDs), known for their flexibility and portability. However, it remains difficult for existing fabrication methods (typically, finite-coating, thermal-drawing, and solution-extrusion) to simultaneously achieve desirable electrochemical performances and fast production of FESDs. Here, a new scalable coating-extrusion method is developed, utilizing a novel extruded spinneret with tapered apertures to create dual pressure zones.

Highly Adhesive ZJ316: Structural Insights of Lipoteichoic Acid and Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

Lactic acid bacteria are widely recognized for their probiotic properties, and their adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract is a prerequisite for their probiotic functions. This investigation aimed to screen a highly adherent strain and explore the impact of its surface lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on strain adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and the immunomodulatory activity. Results demonstrated that ZJ316 exhibited remarkable surface properties and superior adhesion to enterocytes, and the fluorescent labeling revealed that ZJ316 predominantly adhered to the cecum in mice.

A Biomimetic Sweeping Microrobot for Active Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis.

Overproduction of pathogenic cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays crucial roles in the onset and perpetuation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Inspired by sweeping robots, a magnesium@polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer@polyethylenimine (Mg@PLGA@PEI) microswimmer capable of cleaning off deleterious disease triggers along its path of progress is designed. Mg@PLGA@PEI is successfully synthesized by adopting a core-shell structure with a small opening which allows for Mg-water reaction.

Fluid Control of Dip Coating for Efficient Large-Area Organic Solar Cells.

As a classical low-cost technique, dip coating has not been used for printable electronics. Here, the study demonstrates large-area organic solar cells can be made by dip coating. The correlation is revealed among Van der Waals forces in precursor film, aggregation state of polymer, and fibrous orientation in active layer; the relationship is also expounded between fluid mechanics of the confined liquid in polymer scaffold and the continuity of the acceptor phase.

4-phenylbutyric acid attenuates diabetes mellitus secondary to thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia syndrome by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Introduction: Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia syndrome (TRMA) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the SLC19A2 gene that encodes thiamine transporter 1 (THTR-1). The common manifestations are diabetes, anaemia, and deafness. The pathogenic mechanism has not yet been clarified.

Tryptophan Metabolic Enzyme IL4I1 Inhibits Ferroptosis by Decreasing Ubiquitination of Nrf2 via I3P in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumour with an extremely poor prognosis. Tryptophan catabolism could enhance an array of protumour-genic signals and promoted tumour progression in GBM. However, the mechanisms of oncogenic signalling under tryptophan catabolism and potential therapy targeting this pathway have not been completely understood.

Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in Asian patients with alopecia areata: A subgroup analysis of the ALLEGRO phase 2b/3 trial.

This subgroup analysis of the ALLEGRO phase 2b/3 study (NCT3732807) assessed the efficacy and safety of multiple doses of ritlecitinib, an oral JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, in Asian patients with alopecia areata (AA). Patients aged ≥12 years with AA and ≥50% scalp hair loss received once-daily ritlecitinib 50 or 30 mg (with or without 4-week 200-mg loading dose ["200/50" or "200/30"]) or 10 mg or placebo for 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week extension, in which patients initially assigned to placebo switched to 200/50 or 50 mg. In this subgroup analysis, Asian patients with response based on achieving a Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≤20, SALT ≤10, ≥2-grade improvement or normal score on the eyebrow assessment (EBA) scale, and ≥2-grade improvement or normal score on the eyelash assessment (ELA) scale were evaluated through week 48.

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Outcome Prediction in Patients with Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Following Endovascular Treatment.

Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) has been recommended as a superior modality for the treatment of intracranial aneurysm. However, there still exists a worse percentage of poor functional outcome in patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) undergoing EVT. Therefore, it is urgently needed to investigate the risk factors and develop a critical decision model in the subtype of such patients.

Multifunctional hydrogel loaded with 4-octyl itaconate and exosomes to induce bone regeneration for diabetic infected bone defect via Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.

Diabetic infected bone defect remains a great challenge in clinical practice, with delayed healing characterized by bacterial infection and cellular disfunction caused by oxidative stress. Hence, a novel self-healing multifunctional Ag@PEG-4OI/EXO hydrogel is introduced for improving healing of diabetic infected bone defect. 4-octyl itaconate, a derivative of the metabolite itaconate, has been proved that which performs antioxidant and mitochondria-protected properties.

Rare multiple schwannomas of the left upper extremity: A case report.

Schwannomas are rare benign neoplasms originating from Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheaths. The current study presents a distinctive case involving multiple schwannomas along the peripheral nerves of the left upper extremity. The patient exhibited multiple gradually enlarging subcutaneous masses distributed along the nerves of the left upper limb, without pain, neurological deficits or a positive Tinel's sign upon physical examination.

Corrigendum: Role of ARRB1 in prognosis and immunotherapy: a pan-cancer analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.

Effect of fat distribution on left ventricular structure and function in different sexes: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Although there is an interaction between sex, body fat distribution, and cardiac structure and function, these relationships have not been fully elucidated yet. This study aims to reveal the causal relationship between genetic determinants of fat distribution pattern and function of the left ventricular structure in different sexes.

Methods: Genetic variants for waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were selected from genome-wide association studies conducted in European samples.

Injective hydrogel encapsulating dental pulp stem cells for the treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on the repair and regeneration of traumatic optic nerve injury.

Materials And Methods: GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel was photo-cross-linked by LED light. The physical-chemical properties and cytocompatibility of GeLMA/bFGF hydrogel after being squeezed (GeLMA/bFGF-SQ) were evaluated by SEM and degradation analyses, as well as live/dead and CCK-8 assays, respectively.

A Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Actual Use of 1% Pimecrolimus in Chinese Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis Affecting Sensitive Skin Areas.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder that affects both children and adults, characterized by pruritus and scaly, dry eczematous lesions. This study aimed to gather knowledge on the actual use and effectiveness of Pimecrolimus (PIM) in Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate AD affecting sensitive skin areas in routine clinical practice.

Methods: This multicentre and non-interventional study included 130 subjects from China, divided into two age groups (2-12 years and ≥12 years).

Cerebrospinal fluid profiles of targeted metabolomics on neurotransmitters in patients with post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis.

Background: Post-neurosurgical bacterial meningitis (PNBM) is a severe complication in patients receiving neurosurgical treatments. Pathogens and neuroinflammation have been reported to influence metabolites in the microenvironment of the central nervous system. However, information about the relationship between neurotransmitter levels and PNBM is still limited.

A Review of Clinical Advances and Challenges in Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis.

Currently, the treatment of schizophrenia remains primarily pharmacological, with approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Clozapine continues to be the first choice treatment for this subgroup of patients. As the preferred treatment, clozapine offers clear advantages in efficacy; however, its complex and troublesome adverse effects pose significant challenges for psychiatrists.

Trends in noninvasive ocular nanoparticle drug delivery: A bibliometric analysis (2004-2023).

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on noninvasive nanoparticle drug delivery systems for the transocular surface from 2004 to 2023. Relevant publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to map contributions by countries/regions, authors, institutions, journals, keywords, keyword clusters, and timeline trends.

Tribological metamaterial: how feathers reduce drag and friction through hidden energy dissipation structures.

The lateral moving resistance of a liquid droplet on a solid surface generally increases with velocity and is dominated by the non-viscous wetting line friction. Many superhydrophobic man-made and biological surfaces have minimal, nevertheless speed-sensitive, water droplet friction, limiting their potential to reduce drag at high speeds in natural situations. Using an surface force apparatus, we demonstrated low and remarkably speed-insensitive (over 300-fold) water bridge sliding friction on a goose feather vane.

Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis: The Mechanism of Cellular Autophagy.

Liver cirrhosis is a critical stage in the progression of various chronic liver diseases, often leading to severe complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and a high mortality rate, and it thus poses a serious threat to patient life. The activation of hepatic stellate cells is a central driver of disease progression. Cellular autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation process, plays a key role in maintaining cellular function and dynamic homeostasis.

In-silico Comparative Analysis of TOP3B Protein Mammals Species with Emphasis on Heterocephalus glaber and Homo sapiens.

Introduction/background: TOP3B (Topoisomerase III-Beta) is a DNA topoisomerase enzyme essential for managing DNA topology during various cellular processes. TOP3B knockout mice typically develop but have a shorter lifespan; however, the exact role of TOP3B is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the diversity of TOP3B across various mammalian species, with a particular focus on comparing the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), known for its exceptional longevity and genomic stability, and humans (Homo sapiens).

Causes and impacts of interrupted enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Malnutrition due to interruption of enteral nutrition remains a prevalent issue in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Aim: This study aimed to determine the frequency and causes of enteral nutrition interruption (ENI)and its impact on implementing enteral nutrition.

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of a multicentre, cluster-randomized controlled trial (N = 2772).

Imaging Aspect Ratio-Dependent Anisotropic Conversion of Bismuth-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks into Bismuth Oxides.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising templates and precursors that can be converted to a series of functional materials. Probing the dynamic conversion processes within individual MOF crystal particles in real-time is key to understanding the structure-activity relationship, but this remains challenging, particularly for anisotropic MOF crystals. Here, using dark-field optical microscopy, we visually image and quantify the dynamic oxidation conversion of a single bismuth-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF) into bismuth oxides by NaClO.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management in participants from China: A prespecified analysis of the STEP 7 randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo for weight management in a population of Chinese adults with overweight or obesity.

Materials And Methods: In STEP 7 (NCT04251156), a double-blind, phase 3a trial, adults from a predominantly East Asian population with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, were randomized 2:1 to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.