Meconium Influences Pulmonary Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentration in Porcine Meconium Aspiration Model.

Introduction: The factors influencing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) severity remain poorly understood. In a piglet model of MAS, we hypothesized the respiratory microbiome would reflect the bacterial signature of meconium with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) accumulation as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation.

Methods: Cesarean section at approximately 115-day term was performed on two sows.

Antibiotics Trigger Host Innate Immune Response via Microbiota-Brain Communication in .

Besides their direct bactericidal effect, antibiotics have also been suggested to stimulate the host immune response to defend against pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether any antibiotics may stimulate the host immune response by affecting bacterial activity. In this study, reasoning that genetic mutations inhibit bacterial activities and, thereby, may mimic the effects of antibiotics, we performed genome-wide screening and identified 77 genes whose inactivation induces , representing an innate immune and detoxification response.

m-Aminophenylacetylene induces maternal care in a predatory spider.

Maternal care is critically important for the survival of offspring in various animals. Spiders in the family Lycosidae are known for their hunting ability and maternal care behaviors. Predation on newly hatched spiderlings (pulli) by mother spiders decreases when they come into contact, and they carry the pulli on their dorsal surface.

The Interaction of Microbiome and Pancreas in Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdomen disease characterized by the pathological activation of digestive enzymes and the self-digestion of pancreatic acinar cells. Secondary infection and sepsis are independent prognosticators for AP progression and increased mortality. Accumulating anatomical and epidemiological evidence suggests that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota affects the etiology and severity of AP through intestinal barrier disruption, local or systemic inflammatory response, bacterial translocation, and the regulatory role of microbial metabolites in AP patients and animal models.

Caprin-1 influences autophagy-induced tumor growth and immune modulation in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that affect cancer properties and reprogram tumor immune microenvironment will develop new strategies to maximize the benefits for cancer therapies.

Methods: Gene signatures and biological processes associated with advanced cancer and unfavorable outcome were profiled using bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing, Caprin-1 was identified as an oncogenesis to expedite pancreatic cancer growth by activating autophagy.

Gut microbiota aggravates neutrophil extracellular traps-induced pancreatic injury in hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis.

Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP) is featured by higher incidence of complications and poor clinical outcomes. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with pancreatic injury in HTGP and the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we observe lower diversity of gut microbiota and absence of beneficial bacteria in HTGP patients.

Live Birth Outcomes for PCOS Patients Under the Follicular-Phase Long-Acting GnRH Agonist Protocol or Antagonist Protocol - A Retrospective Chinese Cohort.

Objective: For patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), there has been no consensus regarding which protocol is the most optimal for live birth rate in fresh cycles. We sought to evaluate depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol versus GnRH antagonist protocol in IVF outcomes for PCOS patients in a single fertility center.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort, PCOS patients who visited the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University reproductive center between February 2012 and December 2019 were screened, and 533 PCOS infertility patients were included undergoing their first IVF cycle, with 470 in the depot GnRH agonist group and 63 in the GnRH antagonist group.

Declined Live Birth Rate from in vitro Fertilization Fresh Cycles Performed During Chinese New Year Holiday Season.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of the Chinese New Year (CNY) holiday season on the outcomes of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) fresh embryo transfer cycles.

Participants And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 4688 patients who received their first IVF fresh cycle attempt between January 2017 and October 2021. Of these, 4449 women underwent IVF during non-holiday seasons, while 239 women were treated during the CNY holiday season.

Pore-Scale Study on Shale Oil-CO-Water Miscibility, Competitive Adsorption, and Multiphase Flow Behaviors.

Due to the fracturing fluid imbibition and primary water, oil-water two-phase fluids generally exist in shale nanoporous media. The effects of water phase on shale oil recovery and geological carbon sequestration via CO huff-n-puff is non-negligible. Meanwhile, oil-CO miscibility after CO huff-n-puff also has an important effect on oil-water two-phase flow behaviors.

Gut microbiota affects pancreatic fibrotic progression through immune modulation in chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by chronic progressive pancreatic inflammation, which leads to the permanent damage of exocrine and endocrine cells. CP causes irreversible morphological and functional changes, and the clinical manifestations includes abdomen pain, steatorrhea and diabetes. CP induces changes in the composition of gut microbiota that could be used as potential biomarkers for pancreatic fibrosis evaluation.

IGF2BP1-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) RNA methylation and its associated RNA-binding protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) are involved in tumor initiation and progression. Here, we explored the biological function and clinical significance of IGF2BP1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). We found that IGF2BP1 expression was upregulated by H3K27 acetylation enrichment of its promoter, which positively correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and survival.

Tumor Cell Derived Lnc-FSD2-31:1 Contributes to Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Activation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression through Extracellular Vesicles Cargo MiR-4736.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents with high mortality and short overall survival. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) act as refuge for cancer cells in PDAC. Mechanisms of intracelluar communication between CAFs and cancer cells need to be explored.

Fibrinogen-like Protein 1 as a Predictive Marker for the Incidence of Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis.

Background and Objectives: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an acute inflammatory disorder of the pancreas and is a common gastrointestinal disease. Since currently used indicators lack specifics and cannot accurately reflect the phase of disease, better diagnostic approaches need to be explored. Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL-1) is a reactant in acute inflammatory diseases and is increased in the plasma of AP patients.

Construction and validation of a prognostic model of pyroptosis related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. We are interested in determining the prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we searched the original transcriptome data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified the related expressed genes by co-expression analysis.

Evaluation of the Effect of Tobacco Use on Buccal Mucosa Graft Histology.

Objective: To assess the effect of tobacco use on oral mucosal tissue harvested for urethroplasty.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective histologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of available buccal mucosa tissue samples from patients that underwent buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty from 2018 to 2020. Patients were asked about tobacco use during pre-operative workup.

Sex differences in the intrinsic reading neural networks of Chinese children.

Sex differences in reading performance have been considered a relatively stable phenomenon. However, there is no general agreement about their neural basis, which might be due to that sex differences are largely influenced by age. This paper focuses on the sex differences in the reading-related neural network of Chinese children and its interaction with age.

Lnc-PFAR facilitates autophagy and exacerbates pancreatic fibrosis by reducing pre-miR-141 maturation in chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is described as progressive inflammatory fibrosis of pancreas, accompanied with irreversible impaired endocrine and exocrine insufficiency. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are widely distributed in the stroma of the pancreas and PSCs activation has been shown as one of the leading causes for pancreatic fibrosis. Our previous study has revealed that autophagy is dramatically activated in CP tissues, which facilitates PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis.

Histological Evaluation of Vaginal Cavity Remnants Excised During Neourethral Stricture Repair in Transgender Men.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of patients who require vaginal cavity remnant excision and obliteration during neourethral stricture repair and to characterize the histological composition of the excised tissue.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all transgender men who underwent neourethral stricture repair. Preoperative imaging and operative reports were reviewed to determine the presence of a vaginal cavity remnant that was excised and obliterated during neourethral reconstruction.

Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) Heterogeneity and Targeting Therapy of CAFs in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease that typically features a dramatic desmoplastic reaction, especially fibroblasts. The roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in PDAC have received more attention in recent years. As increasing evidence suggests the heterogeneity of CAFs in PDAC, different CAF subtypes have been shown to support tumor growth, while others suppress cancer proliferation.

Beneficial Diets and Pancreatic Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Practice.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with high invasiveness, easy metastatic ability, and chemoresistance. Patients with PC have an extremely low survival rate due to the difficulty in early diagnosis. It is estimated that nearly 90% of PC cases are caused by environmental risk factors.

Novel Target Opportunities in Non-Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Nearly one third of men will incur biochemical recurrence after treatment for localized prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the therapeutic mainstay; however, some patients will transition to a castrate resistant state (castrate resistant prostate cancer, CRPC). Subjects with CRPC may develop symptomatic metastatic disease (mCRPC) and incur mortality several years later.