Seasonal changes of species- and guild-based benthic diatom communities in the transitional water zone of the Yellow River Delta.

Benthic diatoms serve as exemplary indicators for the assessment of ecological conditions in freshwater ecosystems. However, an approach to assessing and managing transitional water zones by benthic diatoms is relatively less. This study entailed a detailed analysis and comparison of the seasonal dynamics in species- and guild-based benthic diatom communities and their driving factors in a small-scale transitional water zone of the Yellow River Delta.

Mutagenesis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of oleaginous Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the multi-omics analysis of its high lipid accumulation mechanisms.

Acquiring lipid-producing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is necessary for producing high-value palmitoleic acid. This study sought to generate oleaginous S. cerevisiae mutants through a combination of zeocin mutagenesis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and then to identify key mutations responsible for enhanced lipid accumulation by multi-omics sequencing.

Full-length transcriptome analysis of a bloom-forming dinoflagellate Prorocentrum shikokuense (Dinophyceae).

Prorocentrum shikokuense (formerly P. donghaiense) is a pivotal dinoflagellate species associating with the HABs in the East China Sea. The complexity of its large nuclear genome hindered us from understanding its genomic characteristics.

Pioneering DNA assembling techniques and their applications in eukaryotic microalgae.

Assembling DNA fragments is a fundamental manipulation of cloning microalgal genes and carrying out microalgal synthetic biological studies. From the earliest DNA recombination to current trait and metabolic pathway engineering, we are always accompanied by homology-based DNA assembling. The improvement and modification of pioneering DNA assembling techniques and the combinational applications of the available assembling techniques have diversified and complicated the literature environment and aggravated our identification of the core and pioneering methodologies.

Macropinocytosis in (Rhodophyta).

Macropinocytosis is an endocytic process that plays an important role in animal development and disease occurrence but until now has been rarely reported in organisms with cell walls. We investigated the properties of endocytosis in a red alga, . The cells non-selectively internalized extracellular fluid into large-scale endocytic vesicles (1.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase as a target for regulating carbon flux distribution and antioxidant capacity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is a key enzyme for polysaccharide synthesis, and its role in plants and bacteria is well established; however, its functions in unicellular microalgae remain ill-defined. Here, we perform bioinformatics, subcellular localization as well as in vitro and in vivo analyses to elucidate the functions of two UGPs (UGP1 and UGP2) in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Despite differences in amino acid sequence, substrate specificity, and subcellular localization between UGP1 and UGP2, both enzymes can efficiently increase the production of chrysolaminarin (Chrl) or lipids by regulating carbon flux distribution without impairing growth and photosynthesis in transgenic strains.

Producing high value unsaturated fatty acid by whole-cell catalysis using microalga: A case study with Tribonema minus.

High value unsaturated fatty acids can be produced by de novo synthesis in microalgal cells, especially via heterotrophic cultivation. Unfortunately, the lipid accumulation of heterotrophic microalgae cannot be improved efficiently in conventional ways. Here we reported heterotrophic Tribonema minus, a promising resource for the production of palmitoleic acid which has increasing demands in health service for patients with metabolic syndrome, as whole-cell biocatalyst to develop a novel way of shifting low value exogenous saturated fatty acids to high value ones.

How do microalgae in response to biological pollution treat in cultivation? A case study investigating microalgal defense against ciliate predator Euplotes vannus.

Microalgae have significant amounts of proteins, lipids, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, and unique pigments. However, with the gradual expansion of microalgae cultivation, hostile biological pollution seriously restricted the large-scale microalgae cultivation and limited the exploitation of its biological resources. Moreover, protozoan poses the greatest threat to microalgae cultivation.

A review on the progress, challenges and prospects in commercializing microalgal fucoxanthin.

Fucoxanthin, the most abundant but nearly untapped carotenoid resource, is in the spotlight in the last decade from various perspectives due to a wide range of bioactivities and healthy benefits. The exploitation of fucoxanthin for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes encompasses enormous scientific and economic potentials. Traditional production of fucoxanthin from brown algae (macroalgae) is constrained by limited yield and prohibitively high cost.

Potential to resist biological contamination in marine microalgae culture: Effect of extracellular substances of Nannochloropsis oceanica on population growth of Euplotes vannus and other protozoa.

The commercially important marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica is easily ingested by protozoan predators during large-scale cultivation. However, investigations into the effect of microalgae on the growth of protozoa are scant. A feeding experiment was conducted with Euplotes vannus grazing on different concentrations of N.

Association of Hyperuricemia With Immune Disorders and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction.

Background: More than 30-40% of uric acid is excreted via the intestine, and the dysfunction of intestinal epithelium disrupts uric acid excretion. The involvement of gut microbiota in hyperuricemia has been reported in previous studies, but the changes and mechanisms of intestinal immunity in hyperuricemia are still unknown.

Methods: This study developed a urate oxidase (Uox)-knockout (Uox-/-) mouse model for hyperuricemia using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

The NanDeSyn database for Nannochloropsis systems and synthetic biology.

Nannochloropsis species, unicellular industrial oleaginous microalgae, are model organisms for microalgal systems and synthetic biology. To facilitate community-based annotation and mining of the rapidly accumulating functional genomics resources, we have initiated an international consortium and present a comprehensive multi-omics resource database named Nannochloropsis Design and Synthesis (NanDeSyn; http://nandesyn.single-cell.

Uric acid drives intestinal barrier dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Background And Aim: Intestinal epithelial dysfunction is the foundation of various intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, while the effects and mechanism of uric acid on the intestinal barrier are little known. TSPO has been shown to be related to the generation of ROS and is involved in regulating inflammation, whether uric acid drives intestinal epithelial dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unknown.

Methods: UOX gene knockout mouse (UOX-/-) were used for models of hyperuricemia.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Related to Structural and Storage Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Kelp Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae).

Saccharina japonica is a brown macroalga that has been commercially cultivated in China for almost a century. As a natural raw material, it is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and it may potentially be useful for biofuel production. However, little is known about the genes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis, and their regulation is less understood.

Genetic Transformation of , a Eukaryotic Filamentous Oleaginous Yellow-Green Alga.

Eukaryotic filamentous yellow-green algae from the genus are considered to be excellent candidates for biofuels and value-added products, owing to their ability to grow under autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions and synthesize large amounts of fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of fatty acids and/or establish the organism as a model strain, the development of genetic methods is important. Towards this goal, here, we constructed a genetic transformation method to introduce exogenous genes for the first time into the eukaryotic filamentous alga via particle bombardment.

The altered gut microbiota of high-purine-induced hyperuricemia rats and its correlation with hyperuricemia.

Some studies on the hyperuricemia (HUA) have focused on intestinal bacteria. To better understand the correlation between gut microbiota and HUA, we established a HUA rat model with high-purine diet, and used 16S rRNA genes sequencing to analyze gut microbiota changes in HUA rats. To analyze the potential role played by gut microbiota in HUA, we altered the gut microbiota of HUA rats with antibiotics, and compared the degree of uric acid elevation between HUA and antibiotic-fed HUA rats (Ab+HUA).

Hyperuricemia is associated with impaired intestinal permeability in mice.

Hyperuricemia is associated with many metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play significant roles in the immunity and metabolism of the host.

Genome assembly of provides evidence of host nucleus overthrow by the symbiont nucleus during speciation.

The species of the genus are unique in their maintenance of a nucleus-plastid continuum throughout their cell cycle, non-motility and asexual reproduction. These characteristics should have been endorsed in their gene assemblages (genomes). Here we show that has a genome of 29.

Fabrication of hydroxyapatite/hydrophilic graphene composites and their modulation to cell behavior toward bone reconstruction engineering.

Cell adhesion was the first step of bone reconstruction. While hydroxyapatite (HA)/graphene composites had been utilized for improving the cell adhesion and bone osteogenesis, the impact of cell adhesion and HA/graphene composites, especially HA/hydrophilic graphene (HG) composites, on internal interaction force and external surface properties remained poorly understood. Here, higher stability HA/HG composites were synthesized without extra ion introduction with in situ self-assembling method.

The Role of Malic Enzyme on Promoting Total Lipid and Fatty Acid Production in .

To verify the function of malic enzyme (ME1), the ME1 gene was endogenously overexpressed in . Overexpression of increased neutral and total lipid content and significantly increased saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in transformants, which varied between 23.19 and 25.

Heterogeneity of intron presence/absence in Olifantiella sp. (Bacillariophyta) contributes to the understanding of intron loss.

Although hypotheses have been proposed and developed to interpret the origins and functions of introns, substantial controversies remain about the mechanism of intron evolution. The availability of introns in the intermediate state is quite helpful for resolving this debate. In this study, a new strain of diatom (denominated as DB21-1) was isolated and identified as Olifantiella sp.

Identification and analysis of the β-catenin1 gene in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

β-catenin is a key signalling molecule in the canonical Wnt pathway, which plays a role in cell adhesion, embryogenesis and sex determination. However, little is known about its function in teleosts. We cloned and characterized the full-length β-catenin1 gene from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), which was designated CS-β-catenin1.

Co-culturing bacteria and microalgae in organic carbon containing medium.

Background: Microalgae frequently grow in natural environment and long-term laboratory cultures in association with bacteria. Bacteria benefit the oxygen and extracellular substances generated by microalgae, and reimburse microalgae with carbon dioxide, vitamins and so on. Such synergistic relationship has aided in establishing an efficient microalga-bacterium co-culturing mode.

Tissue-overlapping response of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) to thermostressing based on transcriptome profiles.

Thermal stress, encountered frequently in aquaculture, affects diverse physiological processes and behavior of fish; however, the mechanism underlying these effects may vary among species. Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) widely inhabits Asian coastal waters and has been intensively cultured in China. In this study, the transcriptomes of three tissues (gill, liver and muscle) of half-smooth tongue sole stressed at temperatures up to 35°C were profiled and compared with those of the fish living at a normal temperature of 25°C.

Improving seedless kelp (Saccharina japonica) during its domestication by hybridizing gametophytes and seedling-raising from sporophytes.

Dongfang no.7 (Saccharina japonica) was bred and maintained by hybridizing gametophytes, self-crossing the best individuals, selecting the best self-crossing line and seedling-raising from yearly reconstructed sporophytes. It increased the air dry yield by 43.