Expert consensus on the clinical application of ormutivimab injection for use against the rabies virus.

Background: There are no local or international guidelines or consensus on the use of mAbs against the rabies virus.

Research Design And Methods: An expert group in the field of rabies prevention and control formulated the consensus presented in this paper.

Results: Class III exposed persons to rabies for the first time; Identify type II exposed persons with immune deficiency; those who are first exposed to Class II and re-exposed to Class III within 7 days.

[Analysis of full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain].

To sequence and analyze the full-length gene sequence of rabies vaccine virus aG strain. The full-length gene sequence of aG strain was amplified by RT-PCR by 8 fragments,each PCR product was cloned into vector pGEM-T respectively, sequenced and assemblied; The 5' leader sequence was sequenced with method of 5' RACE. The homology between aG and other rabies vaccine virus was analyzed by using DNAstar and Mega4.

Development of a Vero cell DNA reference standard for residual DNA measurement in China.

This collaborative study developed a Vero cell DNA reference for standardizing dot blot hybridization, an assay widely employed to measure residual DNA contents of viral vaccines prepared with Vero cells. High purity of Vero cell DNA was extracted and characterized by Hind III enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Then, with a cooperative calibration, the concentration of Vero cell DNA reference bulk solution was determined (64.

[Comparison of viremia formation between guinea-pigs infected with wild and attenuated (SA14-14-2) Japanese encephalitis viruses].

Objective: To study the viremia formation in guinea-pigs infected with wild type and attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).

Methods: Guniea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with different wild JEV strains and the attenuated vaccine strain and its parent virulent strain. Viremia was detected on different days following virus inoculation.

Study on the protective efficacy of SA14-14-2 attenuated Japanese encephalitis against different JE virus isolates circulating in China.

Prior to 1976 only Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype III could be detected in China. Recently, numerous genotype I JEV strains have been isolated from JE patients, mosquitoes and pigs while genotype III strains remain present. Two kinds of JEV vaccines are currently used in China for the prevention disease: the JE live attenuated vaccine (LAV) SA14-14-2 virus and the inactivated P3 strain (IPV) vaccine.

[Studies on the biological and genetic characteristics of a highly neurovirulent Japanese encephalitis virus strain SA4].

The biological and genetic characteristics of a highly neurovirulent JE virus strain SA4 were studied. Mice were inoculated intracerebrally with strain SA4 and SA14, and observed for 14 days, respectively. On different days, mice brains were harvested for titrations of the virus content in the brains.

Transmission dynamics of rabies in China over the last 40 years: 1969-2009.

Background: Rabies is a serious reemerging zoonosis in China. The molecular evolution and transmission patterns of rabies virus inferred from historical data can provide guidelines for better disease control and prevention in the future.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of the rabies virus in China.

[Analysis of full-length gene sequence of a rabies vaccine strain CTN-1 for human use in China].

CTN-1 is one of the rabies vaccine strains for human use in China, but there has been no report on the full-length gene sequence of CTN-1. In this study, the full-length gene of CTN-1 was amplified by RT-PCR, each PCR product was cloned into T vector and then sequenced, assemblied and compared with other vaccine strains as well as the wild Chinese rabies isolates. The phylogenetic tree of G gene was constructed and the genetic homology was analyzed.

[Completed sequences analysis on the Chinese attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine strain and the WHO standard yellow fever 17D vaccine strain].

Objective: To compare the molecular characteristics of the Chinese attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine strain and the WHO reference yellow fever 17D vaccine strain.

Methods: The primers were designed according to the published nucleotide sequences of YFV 17D strains in GenBank. Total RNA of was extracted by the Trizol and reverse transcripted.

Reemerging rabies and lack of systemic surveillance in People's Republic of China.

Rabies is a reemerging disease in China. The high incidence of rabies leads to numerous concerns: a potential carrier-dog phenomenon, undocumented transmission of rabies virus from wildlife to dogs, counterfeit vaccines, vaccine mismatching, and seroconversion testing in patients after their completion of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). These concerns are all scientifically arguable given a modern understanding of rabies.

[Study on the phenotypic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus strains isolated from different years].

In order to reveal the phenotypic characteristics of 17 JE virus strains isolated from different years, plaque sizes, mice neurovirulence and mice neuroinvasiveness of the isolates were studied and compared. BHK21 cell monolayers were used for testing the plaque sizes. The virus neurovirulence was tested in 9-11g mice inoculated intracerebrally and the virus neuroinvasiveness was tested in 9-11g and 14-16g by subcutaneous inoculation.

[An epidemiological study of rabies virus in domestic dogs, cats and wildlife and the immunogenicity study for rabies vaccines derived from different cell cultured virus strains].

For epidemiological investigation of the rabies virus carrier rates of domestic dogs, cats and wild animals like rodent animals and bats,three kinds of regions where rabies had higher incidence (Hunan and Guizhou Provinces), lower incidence (Jiangsu Province, Wuhan City) and provisionally rabies-free (Shenyang City) were selected. Then the antigenic types, the genovariation of the isolaled viruses and the currently vaccine matching of the virus strains were analyzed. The results showed that in China the principal host of rabies is dog,the total virus carrier rate of the captured dogs was 2.

Safety and immunogenicity from a phase I trial of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine.

Background: Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from the winter of 2002 to the spring of 2003 has caused a serious threat to public health.

Methods: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) vaccine, 36 subjects received two doses of 16 SARS-CoV units (SU) or 32 SU inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine, or placebo control.

Results: On day 42, the seroconversion reached 100% for both vaccine groups.

A molecular epidemiological study targeting the glycoprotein gene of rabies virus isolates from China.

A group of 31 rabies viruses (RABVs), recovered primarily from dogs, one deer and one human case, were collected from various areas in China between 1989 and 2006. Complete G gene sequences determined for these isolates indicated identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of >or=87% and 93.8%, respectively.

[Research on Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus intrathoracically infected with attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain].

Background: To determine if the attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain interacts efficiently with Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and further to acquire a new knowledge of its characteristics and safety for human beings.

Methods: Laboratory colonies of the two species of mosquitoes were set up and were inoculated intrathoracically with the attenuated vaccine virus and wild JE virus (Nak), both of which were used with different dilution from 10(-1) to 10(-9). Subsequently, the virus titers in the mosquitoes were detected by the plaque assay.

Preparation and characterization of SARS in-house reference antiserum.

A reference antiserum for SARS is in urgent need in the development of SARS vaccine and other serological test of SARS research. Convalescent serum was collected from clinical confirmed patient. ELISA, Western-blotting and neutralization assay detected specific antibody against SARS coronavirus.

[Construction of infectious Japanese encephalitis virus clone based on the cDNA template of the attenuated live vaccine production strain SA14-14-2].

Objective: To construct infectious Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) based on the in vitro-ligated cDNA template of the vaccine strain SA14-14-2, and identify the virus.

Methods: Full-length genomic cDNA of JEV SA14-14-2 strain was ligated and then RNA was transcribed in vitro, the infective virus was obtained by transfecting the RNA into Vero cells and identified.

Results: The infective clone of JEV was constructed, the virulence was weaker than the wild virus.

[An immunofluorescence assay for the detection of SARS associated coronavirus antibody based on recombinant nucleocapsid antigen and its application].

Objective: To establish a new technique for SARS-CoV antibody test to detect infection of severer acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Methods: Nucleocapsid gene was obtained by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction from a SARS patient and inserted into the vector pFastBacHTa expressing baculovirus. Insect Sf9 cells were transfected with the recombinant baculovirus expressing SARS nucleocapsid antigen and then cultured, fixed by acetone so as to make SARS-specific antigen.

[Development of purified HFRS bivalent vaccine].

Aim: To develop the purified HFRS bivalent vaccine.

Methods: LR1 (type I) and R22 (type II) of HFRS virus were cultured respectively in Vero cells. The viral suspensions were harvested, inactivated with beta-propiolactone, concentrated by ultra-filtration, purified by zone centrifugation, and desucrosed by column chromatography.

[Molecular characterization of hantavirus Shandong isolate JNL virus strain].

Objective: To understand the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of hantavirus Shandong isolate JNL virus strain.

Methods: The complete M and S gene of the JNL virus isolated from Shandong Province was amplified by RT- PCR, and the purified PCR product was cloned into T vector for sequencing.

Results: The results revealed that the JNL M segment was 3615 bp in length, encoding 1135 amino acids, and the S segment was 1698 bp encoding 429 amino acids, JNL belongs to HTN virus.