Enhanced Detection and Recognition of Road Objects in Infrared Imaging Using Multi-Scale Self-Attention.

In infrared detection scenarios, detecting and recognizing low-contrast and small-sized targets has always been a challenge in the field of computer vision, particularly in complex road traffic environments. Traditional target detection methods usually perform poorly when processing infrared small targets, mainly due to their inability to effectively extract key features and the significant feature loss that occurs during feature transmission. To address these issues, this paper proposes a fast detection and recognition model based on a multi-scale self-attention mechanism, specifically for small road targets in infrared detection scenarios.

Performance degradation study of NiCoO-based asymmetric supercapacitors.

The performance of NiCoO//GO asymmetric supercapacitors was found to decline after many tests. It was found that the performance of the GO electrode was almost unchanged, while the performance of the NiCoO electrode declined rapidly. Therefore, porous spherical NiCoO nanoparticles were synthesized a simple hydrothermal method.

Cycling stability of FeO nanosheets as supercapacitor sheet electrodes enhanced by MgFeO nanoparticles.

The FeO material is a common active material for supercapacitor electrodes and has received much attention due to its cheap and easy availability and high initial specific capacitance. In the present study, we prepared adhesive-free FeO sheet electrodes for supercapacitors by growing FeO material on nickel foam by hydrothermal method. The sheet electrode exhibited a high initial specific capacitance of 863 F g, but we found that the sheet lost its specific capacitance too quickly through cyclic stability tests.

Experimental study on the degradation mechanism of LaCoO-based symmetric supercapacitors.

In this paper, LaCoO powders were prepared by the urea combustion method and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The effect of the potential window and the current density on the performance degradation of LaCoO electrodes during the cycling test was analyzed. The degradation mechanism of LaCoO-based symmetric supercapacitors was discussed.

Fluorogenic "Photoclick" Labeling and Imaging of DNA with Coumarin-Fused Tetrazole in Vivo.

Photoclickable fluorogenic probes will enable visualization of specific biomolecules with precise spatiotemporal control in their native environment. However, the fluorogenic tagging of DNA with current photocontrolled clickable probes is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrated the fast (19.

SnS/TiO nanohybrids chemically bonded on nitrogen-doped graphene for lithium-sulfur batteries: synergy of vacancy defects and heterostructures.

Despite their high-energy density, low cost and environmental friendliness, the commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) has been plagued by their severe capacity decay during long-term cycling caused by polysulfide shuttling. Herein, we demonstrate a synergetic vacancy and heterostructure engineering strategy using a nitrogen-doped graphene/SnS2/TiO2 (denoted as NG/SnS2/TiO2) nanocomposite to enhance the electrochemical performance of LSBs. It is noted that plentiful sulfur vacancy (Vs) defects and nanosized heterojunctions are created on the NG/SnS2/TiO2 composite as proved using electron paramagnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which can serve as strong adsorption and activation sites for polar polysulfide intermediates, prevent their dissolution/shuttling, and accelerate their redox reaction.

Formation of bicyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the reaction of a phenyl radical with -3-penten-1-yne.

The formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the CH potential energy surface involved in the reactions of a phenyl radical (CH) with -3-penten-1-yne (-CH[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-CH, referred to as CH) and its three radicals (CH[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ċ[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-CH, CH[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]Ċ-CH, and -CH[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-ĊH, referred to as the C-, C-, and C-radicals with the same chemical components, CH) assisted by H atoms is investigated by performing combined density functional theory (DFT) and calculations. Five potential pathways for the formation of PAHs have been explored in detail: Pathways I-II correspond to the reaction of CH with CH at the C and C position, and Pathways III-V involve the reaction of CH with the C-, C-, and C-radicals with the assistance of H atoms. The initial association of CH with CH or CH is found to be highly exothermic with only minor barriers (1.

Ginsenoside Rg3 stereoisomers differentially inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in diabetic atherosclerosis.

Ginsenoside 20(R/S)-Rg3, as a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, has been reported to exhibit differential biological effects. It is of great interest to understand the stereochemical selectivity of 20(R/S)-Rg3 and explore whether differential PPARγ activation by Rg3 stereoisomers, if it exists, could lead to differential physiological outcome and therapeutic effects in diabetic atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the binding modes of 20(R/S)-Rg3 stereoisomers in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (PPARγ-LBD) using molecular modelling and their effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

Genetic polymorphisms associated with heart failure: A literature review.

Objective: To review possible associations reported between genetic variants and the risk, therapeutic response and prognosis of heart failure.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI) were systematically searched for relevant papers, published between January 1995 and February 2015.

Results: Eighty-two articles covering 29 genes and 39 polymorphisms were identified.

Chirality-assisted ring-like aggregation of aβ(1-40) at liquid-solid interfaces: a stereoselective two-step assembly process.

Molecular chirality is introduced at liquid-solid interfaces. A ring-like aggregation of amyloid Aβ(1-40) on N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine (L-NIBC)-modified gold substrate occurs at low Aβ(1-40) concentration, while D-NIBC modification only results in rod-like aggregation. Utilizing atomic force microscope controlled tip-enhanced Raman scattering, we directly observe the secondary structure information for Aβ(1-40) assembly in situ at the nanoscale.

Stereoisomers ginsenosides-20(S)-Rg₃ and -20(R)-Rg₃ differentially induce angiogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.

Ginsenosides are considered the major constituents that are responsible for most of the pharmacological actions of ginseng. However, some ginsenosides exist as stereoisomeric pairs, detailed and molecular exposition based on the structural differences of ginsenoside stereoisomers has not been emphasized in most studies. Here we explore the functional differences of ginsenoside Rg₃ stereoisomers on angiogenesis.

Density functional theory study of geometrical structures and electronic properties of silica nanowires.

Silica nanowires are expected to possess structural diversity like bulk silica. We modeled three silica nanowires based on the side-shared two-membered rings, spiro-united two-membered rings, and three-membered rings, respectively. By performing density functional theory calculations, we studied their geometrical structures and electronic properties with and without the presence of external electric field.

New route for stabilizing silicon fullerenes.

Motivated by the recent synthesis of silica-coated silicon nanotubes, we here present the structural models of their counterparts, silica-coated silicon fullerenes, which can be considered as arising from a structurally stable building block, Si3O2. By performing density functional theory calculations we show that the silica-coated silicon fullerenes possess high energetic and thermal stabilities and point group symmetries as well as large energy gaps. The present results indicate that coating silica on silicon clusters would be a new way for stabilizing silicon fullerenes, which is expected to find potential allocations in nanotechnology.