Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping of QTLs for Stigma Exsertion Rate in Rice.

Stigma exsertion rate (SER) is a crucial trait that influences the seed production of hybrid rice by determining the outcrossing ability of male sterile lines (MSLs). However, the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying SER are still poorly understood. In this study, we identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from B805D-MR-16-8-3 (B805D) and Hua6S.

Real-time underwater wireless optical communication and positioning an integrated system based on angular diversity SiPMs.

Underwater communication and positioning are essential for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) docking and formation. The traditional methods for communication and positioning are mainly independent from each other, increasing the redundancy and integration difficulty for AUVs. In this Letter, we demonstrate a real-time underwater wireless optical communication and positioning (UWOCP) integrated system.

Natural variation of WBR7 confers rice high yield and quality by modulating sucrose supply in sink organs.

Grain chalkiness is an undesirable trait that negatively regulates grain yield and quality in rice. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying chalkiness is complex and remains unclear. We identified a positive regulator of white-belly rate (WBR).

QTL Analysis for Rice Quality-Related Traits and Fine Mapping of .

The quality of rice, evaluated using multiple quality-related traits, is the main determinant of its market competitiveness. In this study, two rice varieties with significant differences in quality-related traits were used as parents to construct two populations, BCF and BCF, with Kongyu131 (KY131) as the recurrent parent. A genetic linkage map was constructed using the BCF population based on 151 pairs of SSR/InDel polymorphic markers selected between the parents.

Fine Mapping of Five Grain Size QTLs Which Affect Grain Yield and Quality in Rice.

Grain size is a quantitative trait with a complex genetic mechanism, characterized by the combination of grain length (GL), grain width (GW), length to width ration (LWR), and grain thickness (GT). In this study, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to investigate the genetic basis of grain size using BCF and BCF populations derived from two lines, Guangzhan 63-4S (GZ63-4S) and TGMS29 (core germplasm number W240). A total of twenty-four QTLs for grain size were identified, among which, three QTLs (, , and ) controlling GL and two QTLs ( and ) controlling GW were validated and subsequently fine mapped to regions ranging from 128 kb to 624 kb.

Effects of Different Heating and Cooling Rates during Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of AA7050 Alloy Wires.

In the present study, the effects of varying heating and cooling rates during the solution treatment process on the microstructure and properties of AA7050 alloy wires were investigated using tensile tests, metallographic microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the recrystallized grain size of the alloy, subjected to method of rapid heating, exhibited a smaller and more uniform distribution in comparison to method of slow heating. The low density of η' strengthening phases after the artificial aging treatment was formed using air cooling method.

Exploration of Alloying Elements of High Specific Modulus Al-Li Alloy Based on Machine Learning.

In the aerospace sector, the development of lightweight aircraft heavily relies on the utilization of advanced aluminum-lithium alloys as primary structural materials. This study introduces an investigation aimed at optimizing the composition of an Al-2.32Li-1.

Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance in TGMS Line HD9802S through Optimized Anther Culture and Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection.

Rice blast caused by is one of the most serious rice diseases worldwide. The early rice thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line HD9802S has the characteristics of stable fertility, reproducibility, a high outcrossing rate, excellent rice quality, and strong combining ability. However, this line exhibits poor blast resistance and is highly susceptible to leaf and neck blasts.

Fine mapping of and , two minor QTL conferring grain size and weight in rice.

Unlabelled: Rice grain size is a key determinant of both grain yield and quality. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping on grain size using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between variety Beilu130 (BL130) and variety Jin23B (J23B). A total of twenty-two QTL related to grain length (GL), grain width (GW), grain length-to-width ratio (LWR), grain thickness (GT), and thousand grain weight (TGW) were detected under two environments, and 14 of them were repeatedly detected.

Small-sample learning reveals propionylation in determining global protein homeostasis.

Proteostasis is fundamental for maintaining organismal health. However, the mechanisms underlying its dynamic regulation and how its disruptions lead to diseases are largely unclear. Here, we conduct in-depth propionylomic profiling in Drosophila, and develop a small-sample learning framework to prioritize the propionylation at lysine 17 of H2B (H2BK17pr) to be functionally important.

Broad phosphorylation mediated by testis-specific serine/threonine kinases contributes to spermiogenesis and male fertility.

Genetic studies elucidate a link between testis-specific serine/threonine kinases (TSSKs) and male infertility in mammals, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identify a TSSK homolog in Drosophila, CG14305 (termed dTSSK), whose mutation impairs the histone-to-protamine transition during spermiogenesis and causes multiple phenotypic defects in nuclear shaping, DNA condensation, and flagellar organization in spermatids. Genetic analysis demonstrates that kinase catalytic activity of dTSSK, which is functionally conserved with human TSSKs, is essential for male fertility.

Effects of Cu Addition on Age Hardening Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si Alloy.

In this study, the effects of Cu addition on artificial age hardening behavior and mechanical properties of Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si-(xCu) alloy was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively by Vickers hardness, tensile test, and transmission electron microscope.

Creation of Two-Line Fragrant Glutinous Hybrid Rice by Editing the and Genes via the CRISPR/Cas9 System.

Global food security has benefited from the development and promotion of the two-line hybrid rice system. Excellent eating quality determines the market competitiveness of hybrid rice varieties based on achieving the fundamental requirements of high yield and good adaptability. Developing sterile and restorer lines with improved quality for two-line hybrid breeding by editing quality genes with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 is an efficient and practical alternative to the lengthy and laborious process of conventional breeding to improve rice quality.

Cis- and trans-regulation by histone H4 basic patch R17/R19 in metazoan development.

The histone H4 basic patch is critical for chromatin structure and regulation of the chromatin machinery. However, the biological roles of these positively charged residues and the mechanisms by which they regulate gene expression remain unclear. In this study, we used histone mutagenesis to investigate the physiological function and downstream regulatory genes of H4 residues R17 and R19 in .

Secure and noise-resistant underwater wireless optical communication based on spectrum spread and encrypted OFDM modulation.

In addition to requirements on increasing transmission distance and bitrate, the study of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is also facing limitations and challenges, such as interference induced by background noise, demand of higher receiver sensitivity, and communication security issues. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a physical layer secure and noise-resistant UWOC system based on spectrum spread and encrypted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SSE-OFDM) modulation, transmission through a 14.2 m sediment circulating water tank.

Microstructure, Precipitates Behavior, and Mechanical Properties of Age-Hardened Al-Mg-Si Alloy Sheet Fabricated by Twin-Roll Casting.

Twin-roll casting (TRC), as a near-net-shape technology, is employed to fabricate age-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy. Compared with conventional direct chill (DC) casting, the TRC method is much more economical and efficient. In this work, the microstructure, precipitates behavior, and mechanical properties of age-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy sheet fabricated by TRC were investigated by hardness measurements and tensile tests, metallographic microscopy, field emission gun scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses.

, a Strong Functional Allele of , Enhances Grain Size in Rice.

Grain size is a key determinant of both grain weight and grain quality. Here, we report the map-based cloning of a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL), (, ), which encodes the CCT motif family protein, GHD7. The QTL is located in a 53 kb deletion fragment in the cultivar Jin23B, compared with the cultivar CR071.

OsHXK3 encodes a hexokinase-like protein that positively regulates grain size in rice.

We report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of SNG1, which encodes OsHXK3, a hexokinase-like protein that plays a pivotal role in controlling grain size in rice. Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Here, we report the discovery of rice mutant short and narrow grain1 (sng1) with reduced grain length, width and weight.

Effects of Genotype, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Temperature on Rice Grain Quality.

Quality is a complex trait that is not only the key determinant of the market value of the rice grain, but is also a major constraint in rice breeding. It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the combined effects of genotypes and environmental factors on rice grain quality remain unclear.

Transcription-coupled donor DNA expression increases homologous recombination for efficient genome editing.

Genomes can be edited by homologous recombination stimulated by CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated peptide 9]-induced DNA double-strand breaks. However, this approach is inefficient for inserting or deleting long fragments in mammalian cells. Here, we describe a simple genome-editing method, termed transcription-coupled Cas9-mediated editing (TEd), that can achieve higher efficiencies than canonical Cas9-mediated editing (CEd) in deleting genomic fragments, inserting/replacing large DNA fragments and introducing point mutations into mammalian cell lines.

Natural variation in WHITE-CORE RATE 1 regulates redox homeostasis in rice endosperm to affect grain quality.

Grain chalkiness reduces the quality of rice (Oryza sativa) and is a highly undesirable trait for breeding and marketing. However, the underlying molecular cause of chalkiness remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned the F-box gene WHITE-CORE RATE 1 (WCR1), which negatively regulates grain chalkiness and improves grain quality in rice.

Fine mapping of , a grain chalkiness QTL in rice.

Unlabelled: Chalkiness is one of the key determinants of rice quality and is a highly undesirable trait for breeding and marketing. In this study, , a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) of white-core rate (WCR), was genetically validated using a BCF segregation population and further fine mapped using a near isogenic line (NIL) population, of which both were derived from a cross between the donor parent DL208 and the recurrent parent ZS97. was finally narrowed to a genomic interval of ~ 68 kb, containing seven annotated genes.