Lactobacillus helveticus attenuates alcoholic liver injury via regulation of gut microecology in mice.

Previous reports have demonstrated that alcohol consumption significantly reduces the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut. In this study, we selected five species of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in fermented foods, and acknowledged them as safe, edible, and effective in preventing or treating certain diseases, to evaluate their effects on alcoholic liver disease (ALD). By comparing the liver damage indices in each group, we found that the type strain of Lactobacillus helveticus (LH, ATCC 15009) had the most marked alleviating effect on ALD-induced liver injury.

MSCs alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the proinflammatory function of macrophages in mouse lung organoid-macrophage model.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disease associated with alveolar injury, subsequent macrophage activation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine production. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are beneficial for application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms of regulatory effects by MSCs on macrophages in ALI need more in-depth study.

The central nervous system is a potential reservoir and possible origin of drug resistance in hepatitis B infection.

Background: The significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is unclear.

Methods: Synchronous serum and CSF samples were collected from 13 patients. HBV DNA, full-length genome, quasispecies, phylogenetic tree, compartmentalization and mutation of the reverse transcriptase (RT) region were performed based on PCR and sequencing methods.

Mesenchymal stem cells shift the pro-inflammatory phenotype of neutrophils to ameliorate acute lung injury.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment plays a major role in the management of acute lung injury (ALI), and neutrophils are the initial line of defense against ALI. However, the effect of MSCs on neutrophils in ALI remains mostly unknown.

Methods: We investigated the characteristics of neutrophils in lung tissue of ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide after treatment with MSCs using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Clinical Features, Phenotypic Markers and Outcomes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma between HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Chinese Patients.

Background: The effect of HIV infection on the clinicopathological characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains debatable. Methods: Fifty-three HIV-infected and ninety-three HIV-uninfected DLBCL patients were enrolled in the retrospective study by propensity score matching for sex, age, body mass index and international prognostic index (IPI) at a ratio of 1:2. The clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the two groups.

Outcome of Lenalidomide Treatment for Cognitive Impairment Caused by Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Patients with HIV-Related Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Purpose: Cognitive impairment associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related cryptococcal meningitis (HCM) in the context of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is difficult to address. This study was a follow-up of lenalidomide treatment outcomes in patients with HCM and cognitive impairment after complete cryptococcal clearance.

Patients And Methods: Seven HCM patients with neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after complete cryptococcal clearance were enrolled in this prospective study.

Lenalidomide Improves Cognitive Function and Reduces Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-1-Related Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Although there is a standardized treatment for CM, some patients still have CM-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after anti-cryptococcal and antiretroviral therapy, which manifests as cognitive impairment. We report two cases of CM-associated IRIS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients that were treated with lenalidomide.

Case Report: Streptococcus Suis Meningitis Diagnosed in a HIV-Infected Patient With Cryptococcal Meningitis Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

Streptococcus suis has been recognized as a zoonotic pathogen that may cause infections in humans. Although rarely described, it is not surprising that both cryptococcal and streptococcus suis meningitis infections can co-exist in a HIV-infected patient with a low CD4 count. However, a fast and accurate diagnose of meningitis of multipathogenic infections is challenging.

Single and Repeated Episodes of Species Isolated From Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosing Probable .

The clinical relevance of single or repeated episodes of spp. in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in adult patients is debatable. Forty-two patients with positive episodes in CSF were enrolled in this retrospective study.

One-year follow-up of chest CT findings in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: Knowledge about the 1-year outcome of COVID-19 is limited. The aim of this study was to follow-up and evaluate lung abnormalities on serial computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine was conducted, with assessments of chest CT during hospitalization and at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after hospital discharge.

Clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and the combined use of lopinavir/ritonavir with arbidol in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.

This study aims to comparatively analyze the therapeutic efficacy upon multiple medication plans over lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), arbidol (ARB), and methylprednisolone on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Totally, 75 COVID-19 patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 22, 2020 to February 29, 2020 were recruited and grouped based on whether or not LPV/r and ARB were jointly used and whether or not methylprednisolone was used. Indexes including body temperature, time for nucleic acid negative conversion, hospital stays, and laboratory indexes were examined and compared.

Erratum to: Transmission risk of patients with COVID-19 meeting discharge criteria should be interpreted with caution.

Erratum to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2020 21(5):408-410. https://doi.org/10.

A Deep Learning System to Screen Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.

The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of viral RNA from sputum or nasopharyngeal swab had a relatively low positive rate in the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, the manifestations of COVID-19 as seen through computed tomography (CT) imaging show individual characteristics that differ from those of other types of viral pneumonia such as influenza-A viral pneumonia (IAVP). This study aimed to establish an early screening model to distinguish COVID-19 from IAVP and healthy cases through pulmonary CT images using deep learning techniques.

The Clinical and Radiological Manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Negative Nucleic Acid Results.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a new emerging disease with high infectiousness. Its diagnosis primarily depended on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. This study investigated epidemiological, clinical, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR results before confirmation.

Transmission risk of patients with COVID-19 meeting discharge criteria should be interpreted with caution.

As of Apr. 22, 2020, the World Health Organization (2020) has reported over 2.4 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and 169 151 deaths.

Can SARS-CoV-2-infected women breastfeed after viral clearance?

The recently emerged novel coronavirus pneumonia, named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), shares several clinical characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and spread rapidly throughout China in December of 2019 (Huang et al., 2020). The pathogen 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is now named SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is highly infectious.

Factors Associated With Prolonged Viral RNA Shedding in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background: An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a public health emergency. Data are limited on the duration and host factors related to viral shedding.

Methods: In this retrospective study, risk factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA shedding were evaluated in a cohort of 113 symptomatic patients from 2 hospitals outside Wuhan.

A Pilot Study of Echinocandin Combination with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Clindamycin for the Treatment of AIDS Patients with Pneumocystis Pneumonia.

Background And Objectives: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients that continues to result in a high mortality rate. To develop a better treatment strategy and improve PCP prognosis, a cohort study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of echinocandin treatment for AIDS patients with PCP (AIDS-PCP).

Methods: The AIDS-PCP patients were analyzed in our retrospective cohort study that were hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during 2013-2018.

Open-label phase I clinical trial of Ad5-EBOV in Africans in China.

Background: To determine the safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector based Ebola virus disease vaccine (Ad5-EBOV) in Africans in China.

Methods: A phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial was conducted. 61 healthy Africans were sequentially enrolled, with 31 participants receiving one shot intramuscular injection and 30 participants receiving a double-shot regimen.

Pathological role of interleukin-17 in poly I:C-induced hepatitis.

Immune-mediated responses were the main causes of liver damage during viral hepatitis, and recently viral RNA mimetic Poly I:C was used to induce a NK cell-dominated acute hepatitis. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), the cytokine tightly associated with various autoimmune diseases, was known to play protective or pathological roles in LPS and ConA-induced hepatitis. However, its role in NK cell-mediated acute hepatitis remains unknown.