Non-traditional cognitive brain network involvement in insulo-Sylvian gliomas: a case series study and clinical experience using Quicktome.

Background: Patients with insulo-Sylvian gliomas continue to present with severe morbidity in cognitive functions primarily due to neurosurgeons' lack of familiarity with non-traditional brain networks. We sought to identify the frequency of invasion and proximity of gliomas to portions of these networks.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 patients undergoing glioma surgery centered in the insular lobe.

Structural alterations of the salience network in patients with insular glioma.

Objective: The structural alteration that occurs within the salience network (SN) in patients with insular glioma is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the changes in the topological network and brain structure alterations within the SN in patients with insular glioma.

Methods: We enrolled 46 patients with left insular glioma, 39 patients with right insular glioma, and 21 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs).

Radiomics-Based Machine Learning to Predict Recurrence in Glioma Patients Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: Recurrence is a major factor in the poor prognosis of patients with glioma. The aim of this study was to predict glioma recurrence using machine learning based on radiomic features.

Methods: We recruited 77 glioma patients, consisting of 57 newly diagnosed patients and 20 patients with recurrence.

The Formation Mechanism of Nanocrystals after Martensitic Transformation.

Understanding the ultrafine substructure in freshly formed Fe-C martensite is the key point to reveal the real martensitic transformation mechanism. As-quenched martensite, whose transformation temperature is close to room temperature, has been investigated in detail by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in this study. The observation results revealed that the freshly formed martensite after quenching is actually composed of ultrafine crystallites with a grain size of 1−2 nm.

Differentiation of malignant brain tumor types using intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features.

Tumor infiltration of central nervous system (CNS) malignant tumors may extend beyond visible contrast enhancement. This study explored tumor habitat characteristics in the intratumoral and peritumoral regions to distinguish common malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, and brain metastases. The preoperative MRI data of 200 patients with solitary malignant brain tumors were included from two datasets for training.

Altered Static and Dynamic Voxel-mirrored Homotopic Connectivity in Patients with Frontal Glioma.

Contralateral regions play critical role in functional compensation in glioma patients. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) characterizes the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the brain, considered to have a regional functional basis. We aimed to investigate the alterations of brain regional function and VMHC in patients with frontal glioma, and further investigated the correlation between these alterations and cognition.

Reorganization of rich clubs in functional brain networks of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the patterns of reorganization of rich club organization in brain functional networks in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study found that the rich club node shifts from sensory/somatomotor network to fronto-parietal network in DLB. For AD, the rich club nodes switch between the temporal lobe with obvious structural atrophy and the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum with relatively preserved structure and function.

Hippocampal-Subregion Mechanisms of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Causally Associated with Amelioration of Episodic Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Altered hippocampal subregions (HIPsub) and their network connectivity relate to episodic memory decline in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is significantly limited by over-dependence on correlational associations.

Objective: To identify whether restoration of HIPsub and its network connectivity using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is causally linked to amelioration of episodic memory in aMCI.

Methods: In the first cohort, analysis of HIPsub grey matter (GM) and its functional connectivity was performed to identify an episodic memory-related circuit in aMCI by using a pattern classification approach.

Functional Integrity of Executive Control Network Contributed to Retained Executive Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Recent studies have indicated that executive function (EF) declines during MCI. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the neural basis of EF deficits in MCI.

Convergent Functional Changes of Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Activation Likelihood Estimation.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional state between normal aging and dementia disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). The disruption of the default mode network (DMN) is often considered to be a potential biomarker for the progression from MCI to AD. The purpose of this study was to assess MRI-specific changes of DMN in MCI patients by elucidating the convergence of brain regions with abnormal DMN function.

An ALE Meta-Analysis of Specific Functional MRI Studies on Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment.

Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (sVCI), caused by cerebral small vessel disease, accounts for the majority of vascular cognitive impairment, and is characterized by an insidious onset and impaired memory and executive function. If not recognized early, it inevitably develops into vascular dementia. Several quantitative studies have reported the consistent results of brain regions in sVCI patients that can be used to predict dementia conversion.

Disrupted Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Triple-Network Model.

Subjective cognitive decline and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were widely thought to be preclinical AD spectrum disorders, characterized by aberrant functional connectivity (FC) within the triple networks of the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the executive control network (ECN). Dynamic FC (DFC) analysis can capture temporal fluctuations in brain FC during the scan, which static FC analysis cannot. The purpose of the current study was to explore the changes in dynamic FC within the triple networks of the preclinical AD spectrum and further reveal their potential diagnostic value in diagnosing preclinical AD spectrum disorders.

Functional MRI-Specific Alterations in Salience Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An ALE Meta-Analysis.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia. Amnestic MCI (aMCI) and non-amnestic MCI are the two subtypes of MCI with the former having a higher risk for progressing to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compared with healthy elderly adults, individuals with MCI have specific functional alterations in the salience network (SN).

Imaging-Genomics in Glioblastoma: Combining Molecular and Imaging Signatures.

Based on artificial intelligence (AI), computer-assisted medical diagnosis can scientifically and efficiently deal with a large quantity of medical imaging data. AI technologies including deep learning have shown remarkable progress across medical image recognition and genome analysis. Imaging-genomics attempts to explore the associations between potential gene expression patterns and specific imaging phenotypes.

Impaired Memory Awareness and Loss Integration in Self-Referential Network Across the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Background: Anosognosia, or unawareness of memory deficits, is a common manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but greatly variable in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects. Self-referential network (SRN) is responsible for self-referential processing and considered to be related to AD progression.

Objective: Our aim is to explore connectivity changes of SRN and its interaction with memory-related network and primary sensorimotor network (SMN) in the AD spectrum.

Altered Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Early Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The spectrum of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to include subjective cognitive impairment, early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI), and late mild cognitive impairment (lMCI). Choline dysfunction affects the early progression of AD, in which the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM) is primarily responsible for cortical cholinergic innervation. The aims of this study were to determine the abnormal patterns of BNM-functional connectivity (BNM-FC) in the preclinical AD spectrum (SCD, eMCI, and lMCI) and further explore the relationships between these alterations and neuropsychological measures.

Structural and Functional Disruption of Salience Network in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Salience network (SN), playing a vital role in advanced cognitive function, is regarded to be impaired in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The purpose of the study was to explore the importance of structural and functional features of SN in the diagnosis of SCD and aMCI. Structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected from SCD, aMCI, and healthy control (HC).

Differential functional connectivity of insular subdivisions in de novo Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment.

The insula, consisting of functionally diverse subdivisions, plays a significant role in Parkinson's disease (PD)-related cognitive disorders. However, the functional connectivity (FC) patterns of insular subdivisions in PD remain unclear. Our aim is to investigate the changes in FC patterns of insular subdivisions and their relationships with cognitive domains.

Altered Frequency-Dependent Brain Activation and White Matter Integrity Associated With Cognition in Characterizing Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Stages.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are regarded to be at high risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) can reflect functional deterioration while diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is capable of detecting white matter integrity. Our study aimed to investigate the structural and functional alterations to further reveal convergence and divergence among SCD, naMCI, and aMCI and how these contribute to cognitive deterioration.

Altered Insular Subregional Connectivity Associated With Cognitions for Distinguishing the Spectrum of Pre-clinical Alzheimer's Disease.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are regarded as part of the pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. The insular subregional networks are thought to have diverse intrinsic connectivity patterns that are involved in cognitive and emotional processing. We set out to investigate convergent and divergent altered connectivity patterns of the insular subregions across the spectrum of pre-clinical AD and evaluated how well these patterns can differentiate the pre-clinical AD spectrum.

rTMS modulates precuneus-hippocampal subregion circuit in patients with subjective cognitive decline.

Hippocampal subregions (HIPsub) and their network connectivities are generally aberrant in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). This study aimed to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could ameliorate HIPsub network connectivity by modulating one node of HIPsub network in SCD. In the first cohort, the functional connectivity (FC) of three HIPsub (i.

Functional MRI-Specific Alterations in Executive Control Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment: An ALE Meta-Analysis.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is regarded as a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. MCI individuals with deficits in executive function are at higher risk for progressing to AD dementia. Currently, there is no consistent result for alterations in the executive control network (ECN) in MCI, which makes early prediction of AD conversion difficult.

Disrupted Patterns of Rich-Club and Diverse-Club Organizations in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were considered to be a continuum of Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum. The abnormal topological architecture and rich-club organization in the brain functional network can reveal the pathology of the AD spectrum. However, few studies have explored the disrupted patterns of diverse club organizations and the combination of rich- and diverse-club organizations in SCD and aMCI.

Voxelwise Meta-Analysis of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline Using Activation Likelihood Estimation.

Background: Voxel-based morphometry studies have not yielded consistent results among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Objective: Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of gray matter (GM) abnormalities acquired from these studies to determine their respective neuroanatomical changes.

Methods: We systematically searched for voxel-based whole-brain morphometry studies that compared MCI or SCD subjects with healthy controls in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases.

Structural and Functional Reorganization Within Cognitive Control Network Associated With Protection of Executive Function in Patients With Unilateral Frontal Gliomas.

The cognitive control network (CCN) is widely considered to be a frontoparietal circuit that is involved in executive function. This study aimed to investigate the structural and functional plasticity within the CCN in unilateral frontal gliomas, which are associated with the protection of executive functions. To detect structural and functional changes within the CCN, we measured gray matter (GM) volume, regional homogeneity, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), degree centrality, and functional connectivity within the CCN in 37 patients with gliomas invading the left frontal lobe ( = 16) or the right frontal lobe ( = 21) and 40 healthy controls (CNs).