Construction of electrochemical immunosensors based on Au@MXene and Au@CuS nanocomposites for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen.

Cancer is currently one of the major causes of human mortality and has received widespread attention. In this paper, Au@CuS composite nanomaterial as a sandwich immunosensor tag for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection strategy was studied. Herein, Au@CuS composite nanomaterials were obtained by Au nanoparticles modified with CuS, which were combined with secondary antibody (Ab) to construct an immunosensor that interacted with HO to produce a current response.

Multilayer Fused Correntropy Reprsenstation for Fault Diagnosis of Mechanical Equipment.

Fault diagnosis is vital for improving the reliability and safety of mechanical equipment. Existing fault diagnosis methods require a large number of samples for model training. However, in real-world environments, mechanical equipment usually operates under healthy conditions during most of its service life, resulting in a scarcity of fault samples.

Single-atom nanozymes: Emerging talent for sensitive detection of heavy metals.

In recent years, the increasingly severe pollution of heavy metals has posed a significant threat to the environment and human safety. Heavy metal ions are highly non-biodegradable, with a tendency to accumulate through biomagnification. Consequently, accurate detection of heavy metal ions is of paramount importance.

Multimetal-Based Metal-Organic Framework System for the Sensitive Detection of Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay.

In this work, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) quenching system using multimetal-organic frameworks (MMOFs) was proposed for the sensitive and specific detection of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), a marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Bimetallic MOFs containing Ru and Mn as metal centers were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, yielding RuMn MOFs as the ECL emitter. The RuMn MOFs not only possessed the strong ECL performance of Ru(bpy) but also maintained high porosity and original metal active sites characteristic of MOFs.

Sulfur Quantum Dot-Based Electrochemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer System for a Dual-Mode Ultrasensitive Detection of MC-LR Using Ag as a Signal Amplification Switch.

Improving the sensitivity and accuracy of bioimmunoassays has been the focus of research into the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platforms, as this is a critical factor in their application to practical analysis. In this work, an electrochemiluminescence-electrochemistry (ECL-EC) dual-mode biosensing platform based on an "off-on-super on" signals pattern strategy was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR). In this system, sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) are a novel class of ECL cathode emitter with almost no potentially toxic effects.

Bimetallic Metal-Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Capture Probe in Signal On-Off-On Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor for Microcystin-LR Detection.

To ensure drinking water quality, the development of rapid and accurate analytical methods is essential. Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor-based on the signal on-off-on strategy was developed to detect the water pollutant microcystin-LR (MC-LR). This strategy was based on a newly prepared ruthenium-copper metal-organic framework (RuCu MOF) as the ECL signal-transmitting probe and three types of PdPt alloy core-shell nanocrystals with different crystal structures as signal-off probes.

Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay Strategy Based on BiS/AgS for the Detection of the Inflammation Marker Procalcitonin.

As an inflammatory marker, procalcitonin (PCT) is more representative than other traditional inflammatory markers. In this work, a highly efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was constructed based on the photoactive material BiS/AgS to realize the sensitive detection of PCT. BiS was prepared by a hydrothermal method, and AgS quantum dots were deposited on the ITO/BiS surface via in situ reduction.

Dual-quenching mechanisms in electrochemiluminescence immunoassay based on zinc-based MOFs of ruthenium hybrid for D-dimer detection.

The successful application of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in immunoassay for clinical diagnosis requires improving sensitivity and accuracy. Herein was reported an ECL analytical model based zinc-based metal-organic frameworks of ruthenium hybrid (RuZn MOFs) as the signal emitter. To enlarge the output difference, the quenching effect of three different noble metal nanoparticles included palladium seeds (Pd), palladium octahedrons (Pd), and Pt-based palladium (Pd@Pt) core-shell were researched.

Split-Type Photoelectrochemical/Visual Sensing Platform Based on SnO/MgInS/ZnCdS Composites and Au@FeO Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Detection of Neuron Specific Enolase.

Herein, a novel dual mode detection system of split-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) and visual immunoassay was developed to detect neuron specific enolase (NSE), which achieved simultaneous and reliable NSE detection due to the completely different signal readouts and transduction mechanism. Specifically, specific reactions of antigens and antibodies were performed in 96-microwell plates. Gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-loaded FeO (Au@FeO) NPs were used as secondary antibody markers and signal regulators, which could produce a blue-colored solution in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and HO because of its peroxidase-like activity.

Dual-Mechanism Quenching of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on a Novel ECL Emitter Polyoxomolybdate-Zirconia for 17β-Estradiol Detection.

The exploration of novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagents has been a breakthrough work in ECL immunoassay. In this work, the ECL properties of polyoxomolybdate-zirconia (POM-ZrO) were discovered for the first time and their luminescence mechanism was initially explored. Virgulate POM-ZrO was synthesized from phosphomolybdic acid hydrate and zirconium oxychloride by solvothermal method, which achieved intense and stabilized cathode ECL emission at a negative potential.

Oxygen Free Radical Scavenger PtPd@PDA as a Dual-Mode Quencher of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for the Detection of AFB1.

Here, a dual-mode quenched electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on PtPd@PDA was proposed. Among them, nitrogen-doped hydrazide conjugated carbon dots (NHCDs), as an ECL emitter and a donor of resonance energy transfer, were quenched by PtPd@PDA (receptor). At the same time, PDA in PtPd@PDA, as an oxygen radical scavenger, completed the further quenching of the ECL signal by consuming O generated by the decomposition of co-reactant HO.

Signal-enhanced electrochemiluminescence strategy using iron-based metal-organic frameworks modified with carboxylated Ru(II) complexes for neuron-specific enolase detection.

The preparation of highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) illuminants is an effective method to improve the sensitivity and repeatability of ECL immunoassay. In this study, we prepared an ECL immunoassay for efficient and sensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by linking carboxylated Ru(bpy) to an iron-based metal-organic framework (NH-MIL-88 (Fe)) via an amide bond as an ECL signal probe. NH-MIL-88 (Fe) possesses a large number of amino groups that can catalyze the co-reactant SO, which generates abundant reaction intermediates SO around Ru(dcbpy), reduces the loss of material transport and energy transfer between SO and Ru(dcbpy), and significantly enhances the ECL signal.

Enhancing Electrochemiluminescence Efficiency through Introducing Atomically Dispersed Ruthenium in Nickel-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The successful application of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in various fields required continuous exploration of novel ECL signal emitters. In this work, we have proposed a pristine ECL luminophor named NiRu MOFs, which owned extremely high and stable ECL transmission efficiency and was synthesized via a straightforward two-step hydrothermal pathway. The foundation framework of pure Ni-MOFs with the initial structure was layered-pillared constructed by the coordinated octahedrally divalent between nickel and terephthalic acid (BDC).

Ultrasensitive Photochemical Immunosensor Based on Flowerlike SnO/BiOI/AgS Composites for Detection of Procalcitonin.

Based on the necessity and urgency of detecting infectious disease marker procalcitonin (PCT), a novel unlabeled photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was prepared for the rapid and sensitive detection of PCT. Firstly, SnO porous nanoflowers with good photocatalytic performance were prepared by combining hydrothermal synthesis and calcining. BiOI nanoflowers were synthesized by facile ultrasonic mixed reaction.

Electrochemical aptasensor based on gold modified thiol graphene as sensing platform and gold-palladium modified zirconium metal-organic frameworks nanozyme as signal enhancer for ultrasensitive detection of mercury ions.

Gold modified thiol graphene (Au@HS-rGO) was prepared and applied as sensing platform for constructing the electrochemical aptasensor. While gold-palladium modified zirconium metal-organic frameworks (AuPd@UiO-67) nanozyme was employed as signal enhancer for detecting mercury ions (Hg) sensitively. Herein, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were modified on HS-rGO to form the thin Au@HS-rGO layer.

Dual-signal electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for Neuron-specific enolase detection based on "dual-potential" emitter Ru(bpy) functionalized zinc-based metal-organic frameworks.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is the preferred marker for monitoring small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. We devised a dual-signal ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing strategy for sensitive detection of NSE. In this work, Ru (bpy) functionalized zinc-based metal-organic framework (Ru-MOF-5) nanoflowers (NFs) with plentiful carboxyl groups provide an excellent biocompatible sensing platform for the construction of immunosensor.

Self-Luminescent Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks as Signal Probes in Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay.

The successful use of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in immunoassay for clinical diagnosis requires development of novel ECL signal probes. Herein, we report lanthanide (Ln) metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) as ECL signal emitters in the ECL immunoassay. The LMOFs were prepared from precursors containing Eu (III) ions and 5-boronoisophthalic acid (5-bop), which could be utilized to adjust optical properties.

Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on biocompatible nanoporous FeO and biotin-streptavidin system for sensitive detection of zearalenone.

In this study, a sensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor was designed based on nanoporous Fe3O4 and a biotin-streptavidin system to specifically detect zearalenone (ZEN). Herein, nanoporous Fe3O4 was employed to carry streptavidin to prepare the highly sensitive immunosensor. The application of nanoporous Fe3O4 and the biotin-streptavidin reaction provided large amounts of antibodies on each conjugate, thus amplifying the detected signal.

Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor of "signal-off" for β-amyloid detection based on dual metal-organic frameworks.

In this work, a "signal-off" sandwich electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was fabricated for ingenious detection of Alzheimer's disease marker β-amyloid (Aβ) based on dual metal-organic frameworks (dual-MOFs), which included NH-UiO-66 and MIL-101. Dual-MOFs with high porosity and plentiful functional groups can increase the biomolecules binding rate, and through the synergy with the different materials can effectively amplify the inherent properties of the material itself. Ru(bpy) was capsulated in NH-UiO-66 as luminophor, the complex possessed steady and excellent luminescence efficiency as well as large specific surface area to load sufficient antibodies.

A photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on CdS/CdTe-cosensitized SnO as a platform for the ultrasensitive detection of amyloid β-protein.

An ultrasensitive label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was developed to detect amyloid β-protein (Aβ) based on CdS/CdTe-cosensitized SnO2 nanoflowers. Specifically, SnO2 with a flower-like porous nanostructure was utilized as a perfect substrate for the construction of PEC immunosensors, and the SnO2-modified electrode was first coated with CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and then further deposited with CdS by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction techniques. The formed SnO2/CdS/CdTe-cosensitized structure exhibited excellent photocurrent intensity and was employed as an excellent photoactive matrix to immobilize Aβ antibody to further construct the immunosensor.

Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide based on resonance energy transfer between a self-enhanced luminophore composed of silver nanocubes on gold nanoparticles and a metal-organic framework of type MIL-125.

The N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a marker of heart failure. A novel sandwich type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay is described for the NT-proBNP. The method is based on ECL resonance energy transfer (RET) between silver nanocubes that were covered with semicarbazide-modified gold nanoparticles (AgNC-sem@AuNPs) as the donor, and a Ti(IV)-based metal-organic framework of type MIL-125 as the acceptor.

Dual-signal sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for amyloid β-protein detection based on Cu-AlO-g-CN-Pd and UiO-66@PANI-MB.

Combining of amperometric and square wave voltammetric methods (SWV), the dual-signal sandwich electrochemical immunosensor was developed for quantitative determination of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Cu was doped into AlO lattice (Cu-AlO) and reacts with graphite carbon nitride (g-CN) to generate Cu-AlO-g-CN with internal dual-reaction center structure, which has good catalytic properties of hydrogen peroxide (HO). Subsequently, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was introduced into Cu-AlO-g-CN (Cu-AlO-g-CN-Pd) that not only synergistically catalyzed HO but also immobilized anti-Aβ (Ab) via Pd-NH.

Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for the detection of amyloid-β proteins based on resonance energy transfer between g-CN and Pd NPs coated NH-MIL-53.

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analytical platform was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of amyloid-β proteins (Aβ) based on the ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET). In this work, gold nanoparticles-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CN@Au NPs) and palladium nanoparticles-coated Metal organic framework (Pd NPs@NH-MIL-53) were synthesized, which were as ECL donor and ECL acceptor respectively. A strong cathode ECL emission was obtained from the g-CN@Au NPs when used KSO as its co-reactant.