Nitric acid oxidation and urea modification of carbon fibres as biofilm carriers.

Carbon fibres (CF) are commonly used as carriers in biofilm-based wastewater treatment. The surface properties of the CF are herein modified using a combination of nitric acid oxidation and urea to optimise the carrier to immobilise bacterial cells. The capacity of the CF carriers to immobilise bacterial cells and activated sludge is evaluated using bacterial cell adhesion and sludge immobilisation tests.

Optimizing carbon fibre supports for bioreactors by nitric acid oxidation and calcium ion coverage according to extended DLVO theory.

Optimizing supports for microorganisms is required for bioreactors. Carbon fibres (CF) were employed as supports for microorganisms. To optimize CF supports for immobilizing bacterial cells, we used methods of nitric acid oxidation and calcium ion coverage.

Carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber hybrid material: a super support material for sludge biofilms.

Carbon fiber (CF) is widely used as a sludge biofilm support material for wastewater treatment. Carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber (CNTs/CF) hybrid material was prepared by ultrasonically assisted electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CF supports (CF without handling, CF oxidized by nitric acid, CNTs/CF hybrid material) were evaluated by sludge immobilization tests, bacterial cell adsorption tests and Derjaguin -Landau -Verwey -Overbeek (DLVO) theory.