Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review on mechanisms, efficacy and safety.

Background And Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy have been shown to improve survival rates, especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. More recently, several trials have evaluated the clinical roles of immunotherapy as neoadjuvant settings for NSCLC. There trials suggested that neoadjuvant immunotherapy may effectively reduce the risk of the local recurrence and metastasis of cancer, and significantly improved overall survival and cure rates.

Treatment outcomes and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in patients with advanced thymic carcinoma: A multicentre retrospective study.

Background: Immunotherapy has demonstrated good efficacy and survival outcomes in solid tumours. However, efficacy data for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced thymic carcinoma are lacking. The present study aimed to assess the activity of ICIs in advanced thymic carcinoma.

The Clinical Efficacy and Economic Benefits of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin for the Treatment of Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Even though cytopenia caused by either chemotherapy or radiotherapy is a common complication in cancer patients, chemoradiotherapy remains an essential treatment for the majority of patients. The purpose of this study was to look into the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in treating chemo- or chemoradiotherapy-induced grade II, III, and IV thrombocytopenia. From December 2019 to November 2020, 233 lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital with chemotherapy- or chemoradiotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia were enrolled and treated with rhTPO.

Novel HIVEP1-ALK fusion in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma demonstrating sensitivity to alectinib: a case report.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion is an important oncogenic driver in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reports on the intergenic region (IGR) as an ALK fusion partner are rare. Here, we report the case of a patient with advanced NSCLC harboring a human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 1 (HIVEP1)-ALK fusion that responded effectively to alectinib.

Efficacy and safety of maintenance immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without pemetrexed in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC) patients without driver gene mutations are usually treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus pemetrexed as maintenance therapy after first-line ICIs plus 4-6 cycles of pemetrexed/platinum. Some patients in the real world receive ICIs monotherapy as maintenance therapy. No clinical study has compared the efficacy and safety of ICIs with or without pemetrexed as maintenance therapy.

Apatinib in patients with recurrent or metastatic thymic epithelial tumor: a single-arm, multicenter, open-label, phase II trial.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies and the treatment options are limited. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib, an angiogenesis inhibitor, in advanced TETs.

Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial at three centers in China.

Efficacy and safety of anlotinib with and without EGFR-TKIs or immunotherapy in the treatment of elder patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Anlotinib is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor for treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in elder patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods: Elder patients with advanced NSCLC who received anlotinib were enrolled.

Treatment outcomes and prognosis of patients with primary and acquired BRAF-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective study.

The incidence of primary and acquired BRAF mutations is low in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with limited demographic and treatment outcome data available for this patient population. We evaluated lung cancer samples with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) information extracted from 12 051 cases (cohort A) of lung cancer from OncoPanscan™-based sequencing of tissue (Genetron Health) and conducted retrospective multicenter data analysis using the database of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and four other centers (cohort B, including 73 primary BRAF mutation and 14 acquired BRAF mutation cases) to compare treatment outcomes of patient groups with primary and acquired BRAF mutations. In cohort A, after propensity score analysis, 165 samples of NSCLC with BRAF mutations were screened along with 165 paired non-BRAF mutation samples.

Clinical significance of Osaka prognostic score based on nutritional and inflammatory status in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: It has been reported that Osaka prognostic score (OPS), based on C-reactive protein (CRP), total lymphocyte counts (TLC) and albumin (ALB), was relevant to prognosis in colorectal cancer. However, the role of OPS regarding prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been reported. The current study aimed to explore the clinical outcome of OPS and establish and validate a nomogram for survival prediction in ESCC after radical resection.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events in lung cancer: Real-world incidence and management practices of 1905 patients in China.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the standard treatment for advanced lung cancer, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain poorly understood, especially in a real-world setting.

Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted. Medical records of lung cancer patients treated with ICIs at 26 hospitals from January 1, 2015, to February 28, 2021, were retrieved.

The prognostic impact of mild and severe immune-related adverse events in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter retrospective study.

Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often experience unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and the previous studies demonstrated an association between irAEs and better outcomes in patients with ICI treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between the occurrence of mild and severe irAEs and prognosis remains unclear. Additionally, little is known regarding the association between the timing of mild and severe irAEs and clinical outcomes.

Prognostic Value of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index May Differ in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy or Combined With Chemotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) status was recently developed to predict responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments. However, it is unclear whether LIPI is a prognostic index for both patients treated with ICI monotherapy and patients treated with ICIs combined with chemotherapy (ICIs CC).

Methods: This retrospective study established the patterns of LIPI in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Correction: Distinct co-acquired alterations and genomic evolution during TKI treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with or without acquired T790M mutation.

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements: Professor Stebbing sits on SABs for Celltrion, Singapore Biotech, Vor Biopharma, TLC Biopharmaceuticals and Benevolent AI, has consulted with Lansdowne partners, Vitruvian and Social Impact Capital and Chairs the Board of Directors for BB Biotech Healthcare Trust and Xerion Healthcare. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Distinct co-acquired alterations and genomic evolution during TKI treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with or without acquired T790M mutation.

EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients inevitably develop drug resistance when treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Systematic genetic analysis is important to understand drug-resistant mechanisms; however, the clinical significance of co-occurring genetic alterations at baseline, co-acquired mutations at progressive disease (PD), and the clonal evolution remain underinvestigated. We performed targeted sequencing of pre-treatment and PD tumor samples from 54 EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients.

Olanzapine with ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in lung cancer.

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has shown efficacy for the treatment of nausea, anxiety, and insomnia. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine (5 mg) combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in lung patients receiving cisplatin-based (25 mg/m2 d1-3) highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).Olanzapine (5 mg) was administered a day prior to cisplatin administration and continued on days 1 to 5.

Salvage treatment with apatinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objective: No definitive chemotherapeutic regimen has been established in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed second- or third-line treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate apatinib, a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, in advanced NSCLC as salvage treatment.

Methods: We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of apatinib in patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC from 2014 to 2015 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital.

Molecular Profiling and Survival of Completely Resected Primary Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.

Background: Currently, molecular profiles and prognosis of primary pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNC) are poorly elucidated. The present study was designed to evaluate genomic abnormalities and survival in patients with primary PNC.

Methods: Completely resected PNC samples were collected from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital during the period of 2008 to 2015.

Mutational profiling of non-small-cell lung cancer patients resistant to first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors using next generation sequencing.

Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring sensitive epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations invariably develop acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Identification of actionable genetic alterations conferring drug-resistance can be helpful for guiding the subsequent treatment decision. One of the major resistant mechanisms is secondary EGFR-T790M mutation.

[Efficacy of crizotinib for 28 cases of advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib for advanced ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with advanced ALK-positive NSCLC were given orally crizotinib 250 mg b. i.

Association between polymorphisms in CHRNA3 and PHACTR2 gene and environment and NSCLC risk in Chinese population.

Aims. This study aimed to investigate CHRNA3 (rs8040868) and PHACTR2 (rs9390123) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk in a Chinese population, and whether the environment affects the genetic polymorphisms. Methods.

[Joint serum tumor markers serve as survival predictive model of erlotinib in the treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer].

Background And Objective: Molecular targeting therapy is the direction of individualized treatment of lung cancer, scholars has been established targeted therapy prediction models which provide more guidance for clinical individual therapy. This study investigated the relationship among pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and response as well as survival in the patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, which Erlotinib was as second line treatment after failure to chemotherapy. This study also established a predictive prognostic model.

Efficacy and safety of icotinib in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after failure of chemotherapy.

Background: The preclinical experiments and several clinical studies showed icotinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous chemotherapy. We performed a retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of icotinib monotherapy in a different and more recent sample of Chinese patients.

Methods: The clinical data of 149 patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

[Analysis of the efficacy and survival of third-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

Background And Objective: The appearance of highly effective and low toxic drugs enables an increasing number of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to receive third-line therapy. No other standard choice for third-line therapy aside from erlotinib is possible. This study respectively explores the efficacy and safety of single chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), and doublet chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC third-line treatment.

[Efficacy study of single-agent gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus carboplatin in untreated elderly patients with stage IIIb/IV non-small-cell lung cancer].

Objective: To explore a chemotherapeutic regimen suitable for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in elderly patients.

Methods: A total of 68 elderly patients with NSCLC (stage IIIb/IV) were equally and randomly divided into single-agent and combined groups. Patients in single-agent group received gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) at Days 1 and 8 for a 21-day cycle.

Inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate signal triggers a receptor-mediated ATP release.

Intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in ATP release evoked by angiotensin II (Ang II) were investigated in cultured guinea pig Taenia coli smooth muscle cells. Ang II (0.3-1 microM) elicited substantial release of ATP from the cells, but not from a human fibroblast cell line.