Relationship between glucocorticoids and viral load during the Omicron wave in mainland China.

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a major public health problem that cannot be ignored. As a widely used drug in the treatment of COVID-19, whether glucocorticoids may accelerate the clearance of COVID-19 is still not clear, and the glucocorticoids may improve the prognosis of patients is also controversial. Therefore, to explore the relationship between COVID-19 viral load and the use of glucocorticoids we designed this study.

Depletion of mTOR ameliorates CD T cell pyroptosis by promoting autophagy activity in septic mice.

A reduction in the number of CD T cells is a central part of the immunosuppression phase of sepsis and leads to impaired immune defense ability and increased mortality. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered programmed cell death, was confirmed to be an important mechanism of lymphocytopenia in a lot of human diseases and is under the regulation of autophagy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to CD T-cell survival.

T-lymphocyte subtyping: an early warning and a potential prognostic indicator of active cytomegalovirus infection in patients with sepsis.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very common in patients suffering from sepsis and may cause poor prognosis. To explore the relationship between immune status of patients with sepsis and CMV infection, we assessed T lymphocyte subtyping and other commonly used clinical parameters in patients with sepsis upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluated their potential impact on diagnosis and outcomes of active CMV infection. In our study, 82 of 599 patients with sepsis were diagnosed with active CMV infection.

mTOR Modulates the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced CD4 T Cell Apoptosis Mediated by ROS in Septic Immunosuppression.

Introduction: When sepsis attacks the body, the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can result to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and eventually cause lymphocyte apoptosis. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential for regulating lymphocyte apoptosis; we hypothesized that it mediates CD4 T cell apoptosis during ROS-related ERS.

Method: We, respectively, used ROS and ERS blockers to intervene septic mice and then detected ERS protein expression levels to verify the relationship between them.

mTOR pathway mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CD4 T cell apoptosis in septic mice.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been well documented to participate in the pathophysiological processes of apoptosis in many diseases. Inhibition of ERS ameliorates pathological organ injury. However, the upstream signaling pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of which are still unknown.

mTOR deletion ameliorates CD4 + T cell apoptosis during sepsis by improving autophagosome-lysosome fusion.

Autophagy dysfunction contributes to CD4 + T cell apoptosis during sepsis leading to impairment of adaptive immunity. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway modulates CD4 + T cell survival during sepsis through mechanisms that are not fully understood.

Erratum: CD8 T cell survival in lethal fungal sepsis was ameliorated by T-cell-specific mTOR deletion: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/ijms.55592.

Early Alterations of Lymphocyte Subsets in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study.

To prospectively observe the early alterations of lymphocyte subsets in ARDS caused by Acinetobacter . ARDS patients admitted to our ICU between January 1, 2017 and May 30, 2020 were selected. We enrolled all the pulmonary ARDS caused by Acinetobacter pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation or vasopressors.

CD8 T cell survival in lethal fungal sepsis was ameliorated by T-cell-specific mTOR deletion.

Lethal fungal sepsis causes high morbidity and mortality in intensive care patients. Fungal infections have an immunological basis, and it has been shown in recent studies that decreased CD8 T-cell count in fungal infections is related to prognosis, while the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, a lethal fungal sepsis model induced by candidemia was created and we found a decreased CD8 T-cell count and exaggerated apoptosis.

Impact of mTOR signaling pathway on CD8+ T cell immunity through Eomesodermin in response to invasive candidiasis.

Background: We investigated the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway on CD8+ T cell immunity through Eomesodermin (Eomes) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with invasive candidiasis (IC) and in a mouse model.

Methods: We evaluated quantitative changes in parameters of the mTOR/phosphorylated ribosomal S6 kinase (pS6K) pathway and immune system at the onset of infection in ICU patients. The study was registered on 28 February 2017 at chictr.

Lymphocyte and NK Cell Counts Can Predict Sepsis-Associated Delirium in Elderly Patients.

: Sepsis-associated delirium (SAD) is prevalent in elderly patients and is recognized as brain dysfunction associated with increased inflammatory response in the central nervous system during sepsis. Neuroinflammation was demonstrated to be part of its mechanism and we aimed to validate the role of immunity imbalance in a combined retrospective and prospective cohort study. : We performed a retrospective study analyzing the association between SAD and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood, alongside a prospective trial evaluating the quantitative changes in lymphocyte subsets and their predictive value for early diagnosis of SAD.

Evaluation of the updated " score" with Sepsis 3.0 criteria in critically ill patients.

Background: The score proposed in 2009 was calculated on the definition of "severe sepsis", which was removed in the Sepsis 3.0 definition. This study investigated the clinical relevance of score with the updated Sepsis 3.

T-Bet Expression Mediated by the mTOR Pathway Influences CD4 T Cell Count in Mice With Lethal Sepsis.

The sustained high morbidity and mortality of sepsis are mainly caused by compromise of host immunity. Clinically, it is often manifested as a significant decrease in CD4 T cell count, although the mechanism is unclear. We established a lethal mice sepsis model and used Murine Sepsis Score to group mice with different disease severity to establish the influence of T-bet expression on CD4 T cell count in sepsis.

Lymphocyte subset counts as diagnostic and prognostic markers for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection in critically ill patients.

Objectives: This study investigated the use of lymphocyte subset counts as diagnostic and prognostic markers for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection.

Methods: We assessed the lymphocyte subset populations and other clinical parameters of septic patients upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and evaluated their potential impact on CRE infection diagnosis and outcome.

Results: Among 373 septic patients, 51 were diagnosed with CRE infection.

T-cell-specific mTOR deletion in mice ameliorated CD4 T-cell survival in lethal sepsis induced by severe invasive candidiasis.

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway can mediate T-cell survival; however, the role of this pathway in T-cell survival during fungal sepsis is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the mTOR pathway in CD4 T-cell survival in a mouse model of rapidly progressive lethal sepsis induced by severe invasive candidiasis and explored the possible mechanism. The decrease in CD4 T-cell survival following fungal sepsis was ameliorated in mice with a T-cell-specific mTOR deletion, whereas it was exacerbated in mice with a T-cell-specific tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1 deletion.