The Shu complex is an ATPase that regulates Rad51 filaments during homologous recombination in the DNA damage response.

Rad51 filaments are Rad51-coated single-stranded DNA and essential in homologous recombination (HR). The yeast Shu complex (Shu) is a conserved regulator of homologous recombination, working through its modulation on Rad51 filaments to direct HR-associated DNA damage response. However, the biochemical properties of Shu remain unclear, which hinders molecular insights into Shu's role in HR and the DNA damage response.

A multi-task model for reliable classification of thyroid nodules in ultrasound images.

Thyroid nodules are common, and patients with potential malignant lesions are usually diagnosed using ultrasound imaging to determine further treatment options. This study aims to propose a computer-aided diagnosis method for benign and malignant classification of thyroid nodules in ultrasound images. We propose a novel multi-task framework that combines the advantages of dense connectivity, Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) connectivity, and Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) layer to enhance feature extraction.

Real-time reliable semantic segmentation of thyroid nodules in ultrasound images.

Low efficiency in medical image segmentation is a common issue that limits computer-aided diagnosis development. Due to the varying positions and sizes of nodules, it is not easy to accurately segment ultrasound images. This study aims to propose a segmentation model that maintains high efficiency while improving accuracy.

Annexin A5 Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Platelets and Microvesicles via Phosphatidylserine Binding.

Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection and is a leading cause of mortality globally. To date, no specific therapeutics are available to treat the underlying septic response. We and others have shown that recombinant human annexin A5 (Anx5) treatment inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production and improves survival in rodent sepsis models.

Structure and mechanism of error-free replication past the major benzo[a]pyrene adduct by human DNA polymerase κ.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is a well-known and frequently encountered carcinogen which generates a bulky DNA adduct (+)-trans-10S-BP-N(2)-dG (BP-dG) in cells. DNA polymerase kappa (polκ) is the only known Y-family polymerase that bypasses BP-dG accurately and thus protects cells from genotoxic BP. Here, we report the structures of human polκ in complex with DNA containing either a normal guanine (G) base or a BP-dG adduct at the active site and a correct deoxycytidine.

Application of global phase filtering method in multi frequency measurement.

In reverse engineering, reconstruction of 3D point cloud data is the key step to acquire the final profile of the object. However, the quality of 3D reconstruction is influenced by noise in the three-dimensional measurement. This paper aims to tackle the issue of removing the noisy data from the complex point cloud data.

Structural insight into recruitment of translesion DNA polymerase Dpo4 to sliding clamp PCNA.

DNA polymerases are co-ordinated by sliding clamps (PCNA/beta-clamp) in translesion synthesis. It is unclear how these enzymes assemble on PCNA with geometric and functional compatibility. We report the crystal structure of a full-length Y-family polymerase, Dpo4, in complex with heterodimeric PCNA1-PCNA2 at 2.

Structures of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric PCNA: PCNA-ring assembly and opening.

DNA sliding clamps form an oligomeric ring encircling DNA and serve as a moving platform for DNA-processing proteins. The opening and closing of a sliding-clamp ring is essential to load the clamp onto DNA in order to perform its functions. The molecular details of how clamp rings open and enclose DNA are still not clear.

A structural gap in Dpo4 supports mutagenic bypass of a major benzo[a]pyrene dG adduct in DNA through template misalignment.

Erroneous replication of lesions in DNA by DNA polymerases leads to elevated mutagenesis. To understand the molecular basis of DNA damage-induced mutagenesis, we have determined the x-ray structures of the Y-family polymerase, Dpo4, in complex with a DNA substrate containing a bulky DNA lesion and incoming nucleotides. The DNA lesion is derived from an environmentally widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (BP).