Targeted nuclear degranulation of neutrophils promotes the progression of pneumonia in ulcerative colitis.

Background: Both intestinal and pulmonary systems are parts of the mucosal immune system, comprising ∼80% of all immune cells. These immune cells migrate or are transported between various mucosal tissues to maintain tissue homeostasis.

Methods: In this study, we isolated neutrophils from the peripheral blood of patients and utilized immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting to confirm the incidence of "nucleus-directed degranulation" .

RGS10 Deficiency Alleviated Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation Through Suppression of Th1/Th17 Cell Immune Responses in Ulcerative Colitis.

Regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) 10 plays critical roles in several immune related diseases. However, whether RGS10 is involved in colonic inflammation of ulcerative colitis (UC) is still obscure. This study aimed to investigate the role of RGS10 in UC.

Development and validation of a novel criterion of histologic healing in ulcerative colitis defined by inflammatory cell enumeration in lamina propria mucosa: A multicenter retrospective cohort in China.

Background: Histological healing is closely associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes and lowered relapses in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we developed a novel diagnostic criterion for assessing histological healing in UC patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in UC patients, whose treatment was iteratively optimized to achieve mucosal healing at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from January 2017 to May 2022.

Comparison of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells: focus on inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a significant challenge in modern medicine, with conventional treatments limited by efficacy and associated side effects, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as promising candidates for IBD treatment due to their immunomodulatory properties and regenerative potential. This thesis aims to explore and compare various sources of MSC and evaluate their efficacy in treating IBD.

MDSC-derived S100A8/9 contributes to lupus pathogenesis by promoting TLR7-mediated activation of macrophages and dendritic cells.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR7, play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the abnormal activation of TLR pathways in patients with SLE has not been elucidated. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important regulators of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

The new insights of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: focus on inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with an increasing incidence, pose a significant health burden. Although there have been significant advances in the treatment of IBD, more progress is still needed. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been shown to treat a host of conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness, and gas gangrene.

Primary clostridium difficile infection in patients with ulcerative colitis: Case report and literature review.

Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with IBD are susceptible to various complications, including the coexistence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The incidence of IBD combined with difficile infection is higher in patients with compromised immune function, which can lead to increased mortality.

Blockade of Syk modulates neutrophil immune-responses via the mTOR/RUBCNL-dependent autophagy pathway to alleviate intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a progressive chronic inflammatory disorder. Neutrophils play a critical role in regulating intestinal mucosal homeostasis in UC. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is involved in several inflammatory diseases.

Ulcerative Colitis Concomitant with Cytomegalovirus Infection, Bullous Sweet's Syndrome, and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing progressive inflammatory immune disease. There is still no cure for it. Even worse, UC may predispose patients to opportunistic infections, and several extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) and comorbidities may antedate, occur with, or postdate the onset of UC, which may increase the mortality risk.

Immunomodulatory role of spleen tyrosine kinase in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Background: The high prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases or autoimmune reactions is a major source of concern and affects the quality of life of patients. Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases are associated with many diseases in humans, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Splenic tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in immune receptor signalling in immune and inflammatory responses.

Role of Serum/Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1) in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases.

Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene family, is primarily regulated by serum and glucocorticoids. SGK1 is involved in the development of tumors and fibrotic diseases. However, relatively little research has been conducted on their role in immune and inflammatory diseases.

Ulcerative colitis and thrombocytosis: Case report and literature review.

Rationale: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, sometimes associated with anemia and thrombocytosis. Platelets (PLTs) play a role in amplifying inflammatory and immune responses in chronic inflammation. This study discusses the diagnosis and treatment of a case of UC combined with secondary thrombocytosis and reviews the relevant literature.

PTK2B regulates immune responses of neutrophils and protects mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis.

Neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) through regulating the intestinal homeostasis. Several inflammatory diseases are reported to be regulated by proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2B (PTK2B). However, the role of PTK2B in regulating the function of neutrophils and the pathogenesis of UC remains unknown.

CD73 blockade alleviates intestinal inflammatory responses by regulating macrophage differentiation in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by excessive and persistent inflammation. Intestinal macrophages play a considerable role in regulating inflammatory immune reactions in the gut mucosa. It has previously been reported that CD73 is related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory or immune-related diseases; however, the roles of CD73 in UC remain unclear.

Intrinsic STING Switches off Pathogenetic Programs of Th1 Cells to Inhibit Colitis.

Background & Aims: T helper 1 (Th1) effector cells are implicated in inflammatory bowel disease. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an intracellular DNA sensor, has been shown to regulate infection and various cancers. However, whether and how intrinsic STING signaling in Th1 cells regulates colitis is still unknown.

Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A Contributes to the TGF-β1-Mediated Cholangiocyte Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Senescence in Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis.

Background: Cholangiocytes are primary targets in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) is a transcription factor with a crucial role in some fibrogenic diseases. However, whether it contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis is still obscure.

The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in immune diseases.

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Herein, we discuss recent developments and insights into NEAT1 and its contribution to a variety of immune disorders. Our evaluations revealed that NEAT1's function in immune diseases seems to be focused on the modulation of paraspeckle expression and it is primarily associated with the nuclear retention of its mRNA.

Critical roles of RGS16 in the mucosal inflammation of ulcerative colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder. The regulator of the G-protein signaling (RGS) is involved in the pathogenesis of several immune system disorders. RGS16, a member of the RGS protein superfamily, has been shown to play critical roles in several immune system-related diseases.

The Development and Validation of Anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia Polypeptide Antibody [Anti-pTNP] for the Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Non-invasive biomarkers in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are not currently available for rapidly and accurately diagnosing the disease. We aimed to investigate and validate the potential roles of anti-paratuberculosis-nocardia polypeptide antibodies [anti-pTNP] in the diagnosis of IBD.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from 502 patients with diagnosed Crohn's disease [CD], 141 patients with ulcerative colitis [UC], and 109 healthy donors.

Protein Kinase CK2 Maintains Reciprocal Balance Between Th17 and Treg Cells in the Pathogenesis of UC.

Background: T helper 17 and regulatory T cells balance have crucial effects on the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Currently, how to break this balance has not yet been found. Protein kinase CK2 is involved in the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders.

A case report about eosinophilic enteritis presenting as abdominal pain.

Rationale: Eosinophilic enteritis (EE) is an immune-mediated antigen-driven disease that may lead to clinical symptoms and organ dysfunction and characterized by the presence of extensive eosinophilic infiltrates on histopathological examination of the intestinal mucosa.

Patient Concerns: A 29-year-old man presented with a half-month duration of paroxysmal upper abdominal pain that gradually evolved into continuous pain accompanied by the urge to defecate.

Diagnoses: Pathological findings of enteroscopy showed acute and chronic inflammation accompanied by eosinophilic infiltration (>20/ high-power field).

Blockade of CXCR2 suppresses proinflammatory activities of neutrophils in ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one chronically remittent and progressive inflammatory disorder. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. However, how CXCR2 modulate mucosal inflammation in UC is still obscure.

TRIM21 Is Decreased in Colitis-associated Cancer and Negatively Regulates Epithelial Carcinogenesis.

Background: Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM)21 is reported to be associated with the regulation of immune response in gut mucosa. Here we studied the underlying mechanisms of TRIM21 in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer (CAC).

Methods: We analyzed TRIM21 expression in tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated cancer by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction and established a CAC model in TRIM21-∕- and wild type mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).

IRF5 Acts as a Potential Therapeutic Marker in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory disorders. As is well known, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. But the exact role of IRF5 in IBD remains unclear.