Publications by authors named "Guangshun Jiang"

Species interactions remain a cornerstone in shaping community dynamics and structure, alongside other factors, such as climate conditions and human activities. Although network structure is known to influence community stability and ecosystem functioning, the roles of top predators in shaping interaction network structure remain obscure. We examined a 5-7-year time series of species detections for mammal communities in multiple protected areas to investigate the association between top predators and interaction network structure.

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Geographic heterogeneity, encompassing both species-environment interactions and interspecific relationships, significantly influences the ecological attributes of wildlife habitat selection and population distribution. However, the impact of geographic heterogeneity on the distribution of target species within predator-prey systems, particularly in human-dominated landscapes, remains unclear. By conducting line transect surveys, utilizing a monitoring network, and applying logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) in conjunction with generalized linear models (GLM), we examined the spatial heterogeneity of habitat selection by the Amur tiger, Amur leopard, and their main ungulate prey, wild boar and roe deer, in Northeast China.

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Inbreeding increases genome homozygosity within populations, which can exacerbate inbreeding depression by exposing homozygous deleterious alleles that are responsible for declines in fitness traits. In small populations, genetic purging that occurs under pressure of natural selection acts as an opposing force, contributing to a reduction of deleterious alleles. Both inbreeding and genetic purging are paramount in the field of conservation genomics.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria found in the feces of wild Amur tigers and North China leopards, highlighting a critical gap in knowledge regarding these top predators' health in their natural habitats.
  • Whole genome sequencing of 32 bacterial strains revealed 18 different sequence types and a significant number of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, with a high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline.
  • The findings indicate that these animals harbor pathogenic bacteria with potential health threats to themselves and possibly to other species, emphasizing the need for further research in wild environments.
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The Amur tiger is currently confronted with challenges of anthropogenic development, leading to its population becoming fragmented into two geographically isolated groups: smaller and larger ones. Small and isolated populations frequently face a greater extinction risk, yet the small tiger population's genetic status and survival potential have not been assessed. Here, a total of 210 samples of suspected Amur tiger feces were collected from this small population, and the genetic background and population survival potentials were assessed by using 14 microsatellite loci.

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We found that the area of black round or irregular-shaped spots on the tiger's nose increased with age, indicating a positive relationship between age and nose features. We used the deep learning model to train the facial and nose image features to identify the age of Amur tigers, using a combination of classification and prediction methods to achieve age determination with an accuracy of 87.81%.

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With the development of artificial intelligence, the integration of LiDAR technologies and foodscape theories to study wildlife habitat, nutritional ecology, species coexistence, and other existing hot and difficult issues would become an international frontier in the field of wildlife habitat ecology and management.

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Habitat, climate, and human disturbances have important effects on wildlife, and these are especially critical for threatened species. In this study, we used infrared camera traps to monitor the population dynamics of the hazel grouse () from 2012 to 2021 in northeast China and explore the effects of habitat, climate, and human disturbance on their distribution. We analyzed 16 environmental variables related to significant differences between presence recordings and absence recordings within and between seasons.

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Top predators are important drivers in shaping ecological community structure via top-down effects. However, the ecological consequences and mechanisms of top predator loss under accelerated human impacts have rarely been quantitatively assessed due to the limited availability of long-term community data. With increases in top predator populations in northern China over the past two decades, forests with varying densities of top predators and humans provide an opportunity to study their ecological effects on mammal communities.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, artificial intelligence, and the relevant hardware can be used for monitoring wild animals. However, existing methods have several limitations. Therefore, this study explored the monitoring and protection of Amur tigers and their main prey species using images from UAVs by optimizing the algorithm models with respect to accuracy, model size, recognition speed, and elimination of environmental interference.

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The nocturnal activities of predators and prey are influenced by several factors, including physiological adaptations, habitat quality and, we suspect, corresponds to changes in brightness of moonlight according to moon phase. In this study, we used a dataset from 102 camera traps to explore which factors are related to the activity pattern of North China leopards () in Shanxi Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve (TPNR), China. We found that nocturnal activities of leopards were irregular during four different lunar phases, and while not strictly lunar philic or lunar phobic, their temporal activity was highest during the brighter moon phases (especially the last quarter) and lower during the new moon phase.

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Interspecific interactions of commensal non-native species such as domestic dogs and livestock with native wildlife are evident issues in protected areas (PAs). We studied spatiotemporal interactions by combining camera trap photographic sampling over three years. We used a generic multiseason occupancy and co-occurrence analysis and kernel density estimates of temporal activity.

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The development of facial recognition technology has become an increasingly powerful tool in wild animal individual recognition. In this paper, we develop an automatic detection and recognition method with the combinations of body features of big cats based on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We collected dataset including 12 244 images from 47 individual Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) at the Siberian Tiger Park by mobile phones and digital camera and 1940 images and videos of 12 individual wild Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) by infrared cameras.

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Background: The Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is the largest and one of the most endangered cats in the world. In wild and captive cats, communication is mainly dependent on olfaction. However, vocal communication also plays a key role between mother and cubs during the breeding period.

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Effects of climate warming on trophic cascades are increasingly reported for large herbivores occupying northern latitudes. During the last 40 years, moose (Alces alces) in northeast China have lost nearly half of their historical distribution through their habitat shifting northwards. There are many possible causes of bottom-up and top-down effects of temperature and for moose in northeast China they are poorly understood.

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So far, there has been no safe and convenient method to weigh the large fierce animals, like Amur tigers. To address this problem, we built models to predict the body weight of Amur tigers based on the fact that body weight is proportional to body measurements or age. Using the method of body measurements, we extracted the body measurements from 4 different kinds of the lateral body image of tigers, that is, total lateral image, central lateral image, ellipse fitting image, and rectangle fitting image, and then we respectively used artificial neural network (ANN) and power regression model to analyze the predictive relationships between body weight and body measurements.

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Warming, land-use change, and habitat loss are three major threats to aquatic biodiversity worldwide under the influences of anthropogenic disturbances. Positive feedback between warming and bottom-up regulation may cause irreversible ecological regime shifts. Threshold dynamics of interspecific interactions have been rarely studied in freshwater fish communities using threshold community models.

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The North China leopard () is a rare leopard subspecies distributed only in China. In this study, we conducted camera-trap surveys of a North China Leopard population in Tie Qiao Shan Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China. We estimated population abundance and density distribution, and explored the effects of distribution of different prey populations, habitat, and anthropogenic factors on the spatial distribution of North China leopard density.

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Appropriate temporal and spatial scales are important prerequisites for obtaining reliable results in studies of wildlife activity patterns and interspecific interactions. The spread of camera-trap technology has increased interest in and feasibility of studying the activity patterns and interspecific interactions of wildlife. However, such studies are often conducted at arbitrary spatial and temporal scales, and the methods used impose scale on the study rather than determining how activity and species interactions change with spatial scale.

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Background: Gut microbes significantly contribute to nutrient digestion and absorption, intestinal health and immunity, and are essential for the survival and environmental adaptation of wild animals. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota of captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis).

Results: A total of 10 mainly bacterial phyla were identified in the fecal microbiota of North China leopard, Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.

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The potential antagonistic mechanism between zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) on renal toxicity was investigated in common carp. The results showed that by increased Zn efflux and retention (as reflected by zinc transporter 1 (ZnT-1), Zrt- and Irt- 1ike protein (ZIP) and metallothionein (MT) expression), Zn co-administration significantly recovered the antioxidant function (catalase, CAT) and the level of renal barrier function (Occludin, Claudins and Zonula Occludens) in comparison to As treatment. Interestingly, Zn co-administration with As resulted in carps undergoing reduction of heat shock response (HSPs), a low induction of autophagy flux (Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (P62)) and decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), inositol requiring-1α (IRE1) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)) in the aspect of mRNA or protein levels.

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It has been well acknowledged that the gut microbiome is important for host health, composition changes in these microbial communities might increase susceptibility to infections and reduce adaptability to environment. Reintroduction, as an effective strategy for wild population recovery and genetic diversity maintenance for endangered populations, usually takes captive populations as rewilding resource. While, little is known about the compositional and functional differences of gut microbiota between captive and wild populations, especially for large carnivores, like Amur tiger.

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Wildlife populations are spatially controlled and undergo frequent fluctuations in abundance and site occupation. A comprehensive understanding of dynamic species processes is essential for making appropriate wildlife management plans. Here, we used a multi-season model to describe the dynamics of occupancy estimates of the carnivores: North Chinese leopard (, Gray, 1862), leopard cat (, Kerr, 1792), and red fox (, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Tieqiaoshan Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, China, over a three-year study period using camera traps data.

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Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a conventional human-wildlife conflict, both at the local and regional level. Many species of wildlife have become endangered because of this conflict. In this study, an investigation of livestock depredation was conducted for the north China leopard in and around Tieqiaoshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Shanxi Province between 2015 and 2018.

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