Silencing MdGH3-2/12 in apple reduces drought resistance by regulating AM colonization.

Drought leads to reductions in plant growth and crop yields. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form symbioses with the roots of the most important crop species, alleviate drought stress in plants. In the present work, we identified 14 GH3 genes in apple (Malus domestica) and provided evidence that MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 play important roles during AM symbiosis.

Silencing MdGH3-2/12 in apple reduces cadmium resistance via the regulation of AM colonization.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plant roots, promote plant growth, and heavy metal (HM) tolerance and thus plays a crucial role in phytoremediation. However, research on the relationship between colonization level and HM tolerance is limited. In this study, apple (Malus domestica) Gretchen Hagen3 genes MdGH3-2/12 silencing plants were treated with four AMF and Cd combination treatments to determine AMF colonization levels, biomass, Cd accumulation, photosynthesis, fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant substance accumulation, and Cd uptake, transport and detoxification gene expression levels.

Overexpression of MdIAA24 improves apple drought resistance by positively regulating strigolactone biosynthesis and mycorrhization.

Most land plant species have the ability to establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These fungi penetrate into root cortical cells and form branched structures (known as arbuscules) for nutrient exchange. We cloned the MdIAA24 from apple (Malus domestica) following its up-regulation during AM symbiosis.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced drought resistance in apple by regulating genes in the MAPK pathway.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants and play an important role in plant growth and adaptation to various stresses. To study the role of AMF in regulating drought resistance in apple, the effects of drought stress on Malus hupehensis inoculated with AMF were investigated. Inoculation of AMF enhanced apple plants growth.

Overexpression of confers high tolerance to osmotic stress in transgenic tobacco.

Auxin is a plant hormone that takes part in a series of developmental and physiological processes. There are three major gene families that play a role in the early response of auxin and auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is one of these. Although the genomic organization and function of genes have been recognized in reference plants there have only been a few focused studies conducted with non-model crop plants, especially in the woody perennial species.