Effects of shipping emissions on cloud physical properties over coastal areas near Shanghai.

To investigate the effects of shipping aerosols on radiation, cloud physical properties, and near-surface PM, four sensitive experiments with the WRF-Chem model were performed over coastal areas near Shanghai for July 2014. In general, the direct effect of shipping aerosols resulted in negative shortwave (SW) radiation forcing at the land surface. However, when considering the indirect effect, the downward SW radiation at the sea surface declined significantly.

Long-term variation of satellite-based PM2.5 and influence factors over East China.

With the explosive economic development of China over the past few decades, air pollution has attracted increasing global concern. Using satellite-based PM data from 2000 to 2015, we found that the available emissions of atmospheric compositions show similar yearly variation trends to PM, even if the synchronization is not met for each composition, implying that the intensity of anthropogenic emissions dominates the temporal variation of PM in East China. Empirical orthogonal function analysis demonstrates that the dominant variability in the seasonal PM is closely associated with climate circulation transformation, incarnated as the specific climate index such as the Asia Polar Vortex intensity in spring, the Northern Hemisphere Subtropical High Ridge Position for the leading mode and the Kuroshio Current SST for the second mode in summer, the Asia Polar Vortex Area for the leading mode and the Pacific Polar Vortex Intensity for the second mode in autumn, the NINO A SSTA for the leading mode and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation for the second mode in winter.

Long-term characteristics of satellite-based PM over East China.

With the explosive economic development of China over the past few decades, air pollution has become a serious environmental problem and has attracted increasing global concern. Using satellite-based PM data from 2000 to 2015, we found that the temporal-spatial variation of PM in East China is characterized by high concentrations in the northern part and low concentrations in the southern part of East China, and by being seasonally high in autumn and winter but low in spring and summer. We also found that the regional average PM concentration shows an approximative peak pattern over the last 16years, with the highest, 60.

Long-term trend of O in a mega City (Shanghai), China: Characteristics, causes, and interactions with precursors.

In recent years, ozone (O) is often the major pollutant during summertime in China. In order to better understand this problem, a long-term measurement of ozone (from 2006 to 2015) and its precursors (NO and VOCs) as well as the photochemical parameter (UV radiation) in a mega city of China (Shanghai) is analyzed. The focus of this study is to investigate the trend of O and the causes of the O trend in large cities in China.

[A Numerical Study of Typical Heavy Air Pollution Episode of PM₂.₅ in Shanghai].

To analyze the characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution episode in Shanghai City from January 23th to January 24th, 2013, the observed data of PM₂.₅ concentration and ground meteorological data and the WRF-Chem model were collected. The analysis revealed that the synoptic necessary mechanism of the heavy air pollution episode could be characterized by the following patterns: Accompanied with weak cold front activities, the city experienced weak winds (i.

1,2:1',2'-Di-O-iso-propyl-idenedi-furan-ose-C12 higher carbon sugar.

In the title compound, C18H28O8, the five-membered ring with one O atom attached to the ethyl substituent has a twisted conformation about the C-O bond. The adjacent cis-fused ring with two O atoms also has a twisted conformation about one of the C-O bonds. The dihedral angle between these rings (all atoms) is 59.

4-Cyclo-propyl-1-(6'-de-oxy-1',2'-O-iso-propyl-idene-α-d-gluco-furanos-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole.

In the title compound, C14H21N3O5, the tetra-hydro-furan ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bearing the substituent as the flap. The penta-furan-ose ring adopts a twisted conformation about the C-C bond fusing the rings. The dihedral angle between these rings (all atoms), which are cis fused, is 72.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,6-dichloropurine bicyclonucleosides containing a triazolyl-carbohydrate moiety.

A series of bicyclic nucleosides containing a triazolyl-carbohydrate moiety were synthesized and their antitumor activity in vitro for human cancer cell lines was also tested. Compound 11 was synthesized efficiently with 3,6-anhydro sugar 7 as raw material, while compound 7 was prepared from 1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucose. Compounds 12a-e were synthesized by treating compound 11 with alkynes, catalyzed by copper(I).

Characteristics of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in Shanghai, China.

To better understand the characteristics of ambient abundance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shanghai, one of the biggest metropolis of China, VOCs were measured with a gas chromatography system equipped with a mass-selective detector (GC/MSD) from July 2006 to February 2010. An intensive measurement campaign was conducted (eight samples per day with a 3 hour interval) during May 2009. The comparison of ambient VOCs collected in different regions of Shanghai shows that the concentrations are slightly higher in the busy commercial area (28.