Effects of Knee Alignments and Toe Clip on Frontal Plane Knee Biomechanics in Cycling.

Effects of knee alignment on the internal knee abduction moment (KAM) in walking have been widely studied. The KAM is closely associated with the development of medial knee osteoarthritis. Despite the importance of knee alignment, no studies have explored its effects on knee frontal plane biomechanics during stationary cycling.

Effects of toe-in and toe-in with wider step width on level walking knee biomechanics in varus, valgus, and neutral knee alignments.

Background: Increased peak external knee adduction moments exist for individuals with knee osteoarthritis and varus knee alignments, compared to healthy and neutrally aligned counterparts. Walking with increased toe-in or increased step width have been individually utilized to successfully reduce 1st and 2nd peak knee adduction moments, respectfully, but have not previously been combined or tested among all alignment groups. The purpose of this study was to compare toe-in only and toe-in with wider step width gait modifications in individuals with neutral, valgus, and varus alignments.

Effects of Toe-In and Wider Step Width in Stair Ascent with Different Knee Alignments.

Purpose: Toe-in (TI) and toe-in with wider step width (TIW) gait modifications have successfully reduced the internal peak knee adduction moment (KAM) during level walking and stair ascent tasks, respectively, for healthy and knee osteoarthritis populations. However, the concurrent effects of these modifications have not previously been combined to reduce both the first and the second peak KAM during stair ascent or tested among the different knee alignment groups. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine effects of TI and TIW gait modifications on knee biomechanics during stair ascent in individuals with varus, neutral, and valgus knee alignments.

Validation of the greater trochanter method with radiographic measurements of frontal plane hip joint centers and knee mechanical axis angles and two other hip joint center methods.

Several motion capture methods exist for predicting hip joint centers (HJC). These methods include regression models, functional joints, and projections from greater trochanters. While regression and functional methods have been compared to imaging techniques, the TROCH method has not been previously validated.

Towards a ligand targeted enzyme prodrug therapy: single round panning of a beta-lactamase scaffold library on human cancer cells.

A novel beta-lactamase scaffold library in which the target-binding moiety is built into the enzyme was generated using phage display technology. The binding element is composed of a fully randomized 8 amino acid loop inserted at position between Y34 and K37 on the outer surface of Enterobacter cloacae P99 cephalosporinase (beta-lactamase, E.C.

Selection of tumor-binding ligands in cancer patients with phage display libraries.

Phage display has been used extensively in vitro and in animal models to generate ligands and to identify cancer-relevant targets. We report here the use of phage-display libraries in cancer patients to identify tumor-targeting ligands. Eight patients with stage IV cancer, including breast, melanoma, and pancreas, had phage-displayed random peptide or scFv library (1.

Single-stranded breaks in DNA but not oxidative DNA base damages block transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II in HeLa cell nuclear extracts.

Transcription and repair of many DNA helix-distorting lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers have been shown to be coupled in cells across phyla from bacteria to humans. The signal for transcription-coupled repair appears to be a stalled transcription complex at the lesion site. To determine whether oxidative DNA lesions can block correctly initiated human RNA polymerase II, we examined the effect of site-specifically introduced oxidative damages on transcription in HeLa cell nuclear extracts.

Decline of nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative base excision repair activity in late passage human diploid fibroblasts.

There are numerous studies documenting the increase of oxidative DNA damage in the nuclei and mitochondria of senescing cells as well as in tissues of aging animals. Here, we show that in IMR 90 human diploid fibroblasts, DNA repair activity is robust in both nuclear and mitochondrial extracts, however, the levels of activity differed against the three substrates tested. In extracts, cleavage of the 8-oxoguanine substrate, and to a lesser extent the dihydrouracil-containing substrate, occurred in a concerted reaction between the DNA glycosylases and the second enzyme in the reaction, hAPE.